GUSTAVO SIMONI | THE HALT OF THE CARAVAN

Sale: Sotheby's, London, 22 November 1983, lot 13

Richard Green, London (purchased at the above sale)

Mathaf Gallery, London

Purchased from the above

Lynne Thornton, Women as Portrayed in Orientalist Painting, Paris, 1985, pp. 100-101, catalogued & illustrated

Caroline Juler, Najd Collection of Orientalist Paintings, London, 1991, p. 215, catalogued & illustrated

In the heat of the coastal plain of Kabylia in northern Algeria, a camel caravan makes a halt on its journey across the desert. Simoni approaches the subject in an almost photo-realistic manner. Shaded from the heat, the women travellers are glimpsed resting atop the backs of their camels under attatichs or palanquins, structures commonly used to protect women and children from the sun. In the foreground, Simoni captures barefooted men in their ragged clothes, facing the viewer with an uncompromising gaze as if staring into the lens of a camera. Far from portraying travel in a romantic or glamorous light, this composition succeeds in conveying the true hardship of necessary caravan journeys across the desert.

Simoni first visited Algeria in around 1879, his appetite to experience the Muslim world whetted by the Moorish history he encountered on trips to the Andalusian cities of Seville and Granada. He set up a studio in the ancient Algerian hill town of Tlemcen, where he established a base for his painting expeditions throughout the country. Like his American contemporary Frederick Arthur Bridgman, also a frequent visitor to Tlemcen, Simoni was interested less in the topography of the North African landscape and more drawn to documenting the unvarnished, daily life of its people. Works like the present one express a profound empathy towards—and understanding of—these nomadic tribespeople.

This painting reprises a watercolour of the same year in the permanent collection of the Victoria & Albert Museum, London.