"To me, Comedian was not a joke; it was a sincere commentary and a reflection on what we value. At art fairs, speed and business reign, so I saw it like this: if I had to be at a fair, I could sell a banana like others sell their paintings. I could play within the system, but with my rules."
Maurizio Cattelan quoted in: Gareth Harris, "Maurizio Cattelan: 'Life is often tragic and comedic at the same time,'" The Art Newspaper, 30 November 2021 (online)
In December 2019, Maurizio Cattelan’s Comedian captivated the world in its debut at Art Basel Miami Beach. Comprised of a banana fastened with duct tape to a wall, the artwork quickly erupted into a viral global sensation that left a lasting impact on the contemporary cultural consciousness. Its initial appearance drew record crowds, divided viewers and critics alike, and caused such pandemonium that it had to be removed from the premises before the end of the fair. Widely venerated, and hotly contested – and eaten not only once, but twice – the work headlined news stories shared around the world. Skyrocketing to art historical infamy and universal recognition in an instant, no other artwork from the twenty-first century has provoked controversy, sparked imagination, and upended the very definition of contemporary art like Cattelan’s Comedian. Estimated at $1-1.5 million, Sotheby’s will offer Comedian at auction for the first time as a highlight of The Now and Contemporary Evening Auction this November in New York. The work will take to the global stage, kicking off with a one-day exhibition this Monday, 28 October in New York, followed by a world tour including London, Paris, Milan, Hong Kong, Dubai, Taipei, Tokyo, and Los Angeles, before returning to New York for exhibition ahead of the auction on 20 November.
Comedian sits within an art historical legacy of conceptually audacious masterworks that redefined what art could be: from Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain, a readymade porcelain urinal turned over, mounted on a pedestal, and signed with a pseudonym in 1917; to Robert Rauschenberg's Erased de Kooning Drawing of 1953, when one legendary artist defaced the work of another to destabilize notions of artistic originality; to Damien Hirst’s formaldehyde-pickled shark in 1991; through to Banksy’s Love is in the Bin, which famously shredded after being sold in Sotheby’s salesroom in 2018, and thus created a new artwork in real time. These revolutionary works shared in a spirit of iconoclastic pranksterism that provoked audiences to question the meaning of art, from within the very systems that enable their creation and reception. Reflecting on the conceptual underpinnings of Comedian, in an interview with The Art Newspaper, Cattelan said: "To me, Comedian was not a joke; it was a sincere commentary and a reflection on what we value. At art fairs, speed and business reign, so I saw it like this: if I had to be at a fair, I could sell a banana like others sell their paintings. I could play within the system, but with my rules." Cattelan exploits the ideal of the heroic artist, interrogating viewer's beliefs about art with deadpan honesty. Following its unveiling in 2019, Comedian landed firmly at the center of the cultural zeitgeist - the ubiquitous tape-strapped banana featured on the cover of The New York Post and became an inescapable media phenomenon. Conceived in an edition of three plus two artist proofs, one example is held in the collection of The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York.
“The most influential and radical artworks of the last century have had the power to fundamentally shift perceptions around the nature of art itself. In this spirit, Comedian is a defiant work of pure genius. Balancing profound critical thought and subversive wit, this is a defining work for the artist and for our generation. With a single brilliant gesture, Cattelan rocked the foundations of the art world, and brought art to the center of mainstream popular culture. If at its core, Comedian questions the very notion of the value of art, then putting the work at auction this November will be the ultimate realization of its essential conceptual idea - the public will finally have a say in deciding its true value. Whatever your take on it, you won't want to miss the sensation of the season."
David Galperin, Sotheby's Head of Contemporary Art, Americas
In his greatest coup to date, Cattelan’s Comedian single handedly prompted the world to reconsider how we define art. We may be in on Cattelan’s joke, but Comedian is anything but. Literally and metaphorically holding the mirror to the face of contemporary art, Comedian’s origins can be traced back to the Duchampian readymade, which decentered craft, rarity, and technical mastery in favor of the conceptual value assigned by the artist. Just as Duchamp turned a urinal into a landmark work of modern art through boldly signing the readymade with a pseudonym 'R. Mutt', Cattelan brings the banal into the extraordinary by leveraging the systems of art's display and reception. Through its presentation and context, Cattelan elevates the everyday object to the realm of art, following in the footsteps of Dada and Warhol, for whom the idea, or concept, was of paramount importance - more important than the process of creation.
A Legacy of Art Historical Dissidence
- 1917
- 1953
- 1960
- 1961
- 1966
- 1986
- 1991
- 2018
- 2019
-
1917Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917
Philadelphia Museum of Art
In 1917 at the Society of Independent Artists in New York, Marcel Duchamp presented a readymade porcelain urinal as his submission. Turned over, mounted on a pedestal, and signed by the artist in 1917, Fountain marked the genesis of appropriation’s inextricable role in twentieth century artmarking. -
1953Robert Rauschenberg, Erased de Kooning Drawing, 1953
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Robert Rauschenberg revisited Duchamp’s revolutionary tactic of borrowing and recontextualizing objects in 1953 when he approached a Willem de Kooning work on paper with the same subversive sense of humor and intrepid spirit. Nearly erasing de Kooning’s entire composition in a quasi-iconoclastic gesture, one legendary artist defaced the work of another to destabilize notions of artistic originality. -
1960Yves Klein, Leap into the Void, 1960
Performance, Paris
In 1960, Yves Klein enlisted the help of photographers Harry Shunk and Jean Kender to capture his fall from a Parisian rooftop. Editing out the tarpaulin which caught his fall at street level, the resulting image was disseminated to the public as a counterfeit news broadsheet and subsequently sparked reflection on what art communicates about truth and reality. -
1961Piero Manzoni, Artist's Shit, 1961
Tate Collection, London
One of 90 cans of “feces” produced by Piero Manzoni, Artist’s Shit from 1961 was created to provoke commentary on the relationship between the artist and collector. In a show of vanguard pranksterism, Manzoni indeed sold a can for 18-carat gold, a transaction which not only comments on the deified artist’s body but probes our collective understanding of creative mastery. -
1966Andy Warhol, Silver Clouds, 1966
Leo Castelli Gallery, New York (installation)
In 1966, Andy Warhol installed his Silver Clouds installation at Leo Castelli Gallery in New York. Filled with a mixture of air and helium, his balloons floated hypnotically in the center of the room. Their ephemerality and strategy of suspension to elicit a spellbound reaction in its viewer directly precedes those used by Cattelan. -
1986Jeff Koons, Rabbit, 1986
The Broad, Los Angeles
Jeff Koons’ 1986 Rabbit sees the artist foster an impossible sense of levity through the medium of polished steel: a conceit and trick to the eye that forces its viewer to reconcile what they see with what they know. In its pristine, mirrored surface, Koons asks his viewer to ponder the bygone boundaries between reality and artifice, art and commodity, and ultimately, ourselves. -
1991Felix Gonzalez-Torres, "Untitled" (Portrait of Ross in L.A.), 1991
Art Institute of Chicago
Felix Gonzalez-Torres’ candy pieces marked an important juncture in twentieth century Conceptual Art, in which art could be supplanted with an idea. No longer requiring one physical, tangible item to which value is assigned, Gonzalez-Torres allowed himself to instruct what we claim and define to be the intellectual property of the artist. -
2018Banksy, Love is in the Bin, 2018
Private Collection, sold at Sotheby's London in October 2021 for $25.4 million
In October 2018, Banksy’s Girl with Balloon self-destructed at Sotheby’s Contemporary Evening Sale in London. The shredding mechanism, however, malfunctioned, leaving half of the work intact and creating an entirely new work of art. In a spectacular and theatrical show of deception, Banksy held a spotlight to the art market. -
2019THE PRESENT WORK
Represent the apex of a hundred year-long, intellectual yet irreverent interrogation of contemporary art’s conceptual limits, it is Cattelan’s Comedian to represent the utter apogee of this storied lineage.
In many ways, Comedian’s title is a self-portrait of this notorious enfant terrible: a masterpiece achieved only by means of provocation, humor, and desecration. Cattelan utilizes humor to probe the distinction between art and life through a distinctly Pop sensibility. The artist remarked to The Art Newspaper: "When art makes us feel something and puts us in a position of discomfort, that’s when it has an impact." He lays bare what has always been in front of us, an idea presented in his retrospective Maurizio Cattelan: All at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, which the artist promoted with the unrealized promise of his retirement upon the exhibition’s opening. His works hung suspended from the rotunda, in a testament to the strategy of suspension which has remained paramount in his oeuvre. When Cattelan unveiled Comedian - his first work for a fair in fifteen years - he made his re-entrée with something so decisively unextraordinary that it allowed him to distill the 30-year-old aims of his artistic output: a banana taped to a wall using duct tape, a medium he first deployed in A Perfect Day from 1999, which strapped his dealer Massimo De Carlo to a wall. For the ways that his work both pleases and discomforts us, he is as much a tragedian as he is the eponymous comedian.
“I actually think that reality is far more provocative than my art … I just take it; I’m always borrowing pieces — crumbs, really — of everyday reality.”
the artist quoted in: Emanuela De Cecco and Roberto Pinto, “Incursioni,” Flash Art, Vol. 27, No. 182, March 1994, pp. 116-18
Maurizio Cattelan is among Contemporary Art's most brilliant provocateurs. He has persistently disrupted the art world's status quo in meaningful, irreverent, and often controversial ways. Cattelan’s post-Duchampian penchant for the absurd is apparent in his critiques of social and cultural norms, executed through a wide variety of media from sculpture and taxidermy to performance and curatorial endeavors. Describing his work, curator Nancy Spector has written: "It is aspirational yet ironic; comical yet critical; and elusive yet instantly accessible, given its pop sensibility. Like a seasoned outlaw, Cattelan navigates a fine line between what is socially and culturally acceptable and what is not.”
Estimate: $1,000,000 - 1,500,000
The Now and Contemporary Evening Auction, November 2024
Cattelan has exhibited widely throughout his career, including solo shows at the Museum of Modern Art in New York (1998), Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (2000), Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles (2003), Musée du Louvre in Paris (2004) and the Menil Collection in Houston (2010). In 2011, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York mounted a major retrospective of his work, titled All. Cattelan has also participated in numerous contemporary art fairs including the Venice Bienniale (1993, 1997, 1999, 2002 and 2011) and Whitney Biennial (2004). The artist’s auction record was set in 2016 when Him sold for $17.2 million.
