拍品 14
  • 14

明十六世紀初 青花羽人十字紋執壺

估價
60,000 - 80,000 USD
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描述

  • ceramics
the globular body rising from a spreading foot to a waisted neck with a garlic-head mouth and upright mouthrim, the serpentine spout attached to the neck by a S-scroll strut opposite a tall looped handle, the body painted to one side with a cruciform atop a pyramidal base with three spear-like projections issuing from the cross, the principal motif executed in a checkerboard pattern and surrounded by scrolling pomegranates, on the reverse a winged figure squatting with arms raised within a sun-shaped medallion above a blue dot flanked by scrolling pomegranate, the neck with bands of pomegranate, lotus, and ruyi petals, the spout with flower scroll flanked by two pairs of flame scrolls, the handle and foot each with a cloud scroll between two lines, barbed cartouches encircling the bases of the spout and handle, a double-lozenge with flowing ribbons below the spout, a ruyi head tied with a ribbon below the handle, the foot ring unglazed

來源

香港蘇富比1979年5月21至22日,編號54

Condition

A firing fault to one side of the body, as visible in the catalogue image, and a larger burst glaze bubble to the same side at the shoulder. The spout and handle with several areas where the glaze has lifted slightly, appearing slightly discolored. A stained crack encircling where the strut meets the spout, and another at the right-angle corner of the handle. Several small chips to the tip of the spout. Minor firing imperfections elsewhere.
In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective qualified opinion.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING CONDITION OF A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD "AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF SALE PRINTED IN THE CATALOGUE.

拍品資料及來源

本品青花羽人十字紋執壺,壺身飾紋極為獨特,別無他例,珍罕不凡。

壺身一側所飾方格拼十字架連金字塔形座紋,不論作為瓷器裝飾或其他裝飾,均極為罕見。據載,十字架連座紋飾,應於八至九世紀由景教教士傳入藏西地區,存世見有相關記載及景教大理石雕共為佐證。二十世紀初,藏學家 August Hermann Francke 曾載圖記錄景教十字架刻紋,見,《 Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse》,1925年,頁371,圖版2。部分藏西景教十字架紋多配座臺,並飾卷紋、雀鳥紋等(圖一),均與此壺相類。本壺之十字架紋,配以羽人圖案,亦見於元代景教石碑、銅墜飾(或作印章之用)、章紋或首飾。可參考香港大學美術博物館藏之銅飾例,十字架形,每角繫圓環,中置佛教「卐」字紋樣,上飾「生命樹」。同款墜飾,見於Charlotte Chang,,《Asian Art Newspaper》,2016年5月11日。不丹傳統織物之「小神(torma meeto)」紋飾,亦見相類十字架連座,頂飾「生命樹」,載於David K. Barker,《Designs of Bhutan》,泰國,1985年,頁9,圖版7(圖二)。

壺身之十字架紋飾,亦或源自藏傳佛教十字金剛杵,其象徵宇宙間之絕對定力。不少十字金剛杵紋飾,於明代中原及西藏地區廣為流傳。參考一十六世紀藏東地區銀壺例,Newark Museum 收藏,載於 Valrae Reynolds,《From the Sacred Realm: Treasures of Tibetan Art from the Newark Museum》,紐約,1999年,圖版80。十字金剛杵紋飾亦見於青花瓷器,見一成化盤例,售於香港蘇富比2002年10月30日,編號278。綜上所述,十字架連座紋飾,應與漢喜馬拉雅藝術文化相關,並應曾傳至明代中原地區。

壺身另一側光環內所飾,貌似印度及藏傳佛教中之金翅鳥王迦樓羅。在印度及喜馬拉雅傳統中,迦樓羅形象多為雙翅,鳥喙,人臂,人足(或鷹爪),其專除蛇難,去病避邪,又為財神,如火如光。湖北鍾祥梁莊王墓,曾出土一迦樓羅像金牌,鳥王蹲於盤蛇之上,與此壺紋飾頗為相似, 載 Fan Jeremy Zhang,《Royal Taste: The Art of Princely Courts in Fifteenth-century China》,紐約,2015年,編號66(圖三)。迦樓羅形象廣見於喜馬拉雅雕塑、畫像及紡織藝術品等,故有可能曾流傳至景德鎮,並被當時匠工所取,以創此壺紋飾。

參考一幅十三世紀後半葉唐卡,飾十字金剛杵連座,兩面飾展翅迦樓羅,載於Steven M. Kossak 及 Jane Casey Singer,《Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibet》,紐約,1998年,編號25。此唐卡雖與本壺相距三個世紀,但有可能此類紋飾幾經演變,後延續至明代,並被景德鎮瓷匠所採用。

方格拼飾,或源自紡織藝術。不丹「小神(torma meeto)」圖案以交錯針織而成,以小方格逐一拼湊,此為製作工藝所致。此外,明代藏人亦喜用方格拼接紋樣裝飾被襖,同時代明朝匠工亦採用方格彩織作動物或吉祥紋飾,見 Dieter Kuhn 編,《Chinese Silks》,紐黑文,2012年,圖版8.36。本壺所採用之方格裝飾技法,或源自喜馬拉雅編織或縫製物圖案,其紋飾亦或以此類織造物紋樣為模本所作。

鑑此壺器形,可知其應為十六世紀初景德鎮所製。可見一稍高近例,書四字宣德仿款,Gardiner Museum of Ceramic Art 收藏,多倫多,載於 Patricia F. Ferguson,《Cobalt Treasures: The Robert Murray Bell and Ann Walker Bell Collection of Chinese Blue and White Porcelain》,多倫多,2003年,編號47。另見一例,同書宣德仿款,Ottema Kingma 基金會收藏,荷蘭,載於 Eva Ströber,《Ming Porcelain for a Globalized Trade》,斯圖加特,2013年,編號54。再見一例,售倫敦蘇富比1972年11月13至14日,編號382。除此外,前文所述十六世紀藏東地區銀壺亦為同形款例。

明代除嘉靖一朝外,其餘各朝皆對西藏有宗主權。藏人定期朝貢,朝廷則向喇嘛封授官職,給予豐厚回賜。故此,漢喜馬拉雅一帶,宗教、藝術文化交流不斷,從景德鎮所製瓷器形制即可窺見一斑。如明永樂僧帽壺,寬頸口沿源自藏僧黃帽之形。可參考一例,大英博物館藏,載於霍吉淑,《Ming Ceramics in the British Museum》,倫敦,2001年,圖錄編號3:2,同見一青花盤例,正統或天順年景間德鎮製,飾西藏梵文,編號5:21。另見數明代瓷例,皆融合中原及西藏裝飾風格,清宮舊藏,現藏北京故宮博物院,載於耿寶昌編,《故宮博物院藏文物珍品全集:青花釉裡紅》,卷2,香港,2000年,編號32、33、35、205、210及211。除以上所舉外,明代官窰瓷器中另有許多相類例,由此充分證明了當時中原與喜馬拉雅地區文化交流之密切。