INDEX-STYLE HORSEATTRIBUTED TO J. & C. HOWARD | Index-Style HorseAttributed to J. & C. Howard

Allan Daniel, New York;
Tim Hill, Birmingham, Michigan;
Harris Diamant and Sam Goldwitz, New York;
Steve Miller, American Folk Art, New York;
Marna Anderson, New Paltz, New York.

Tom Geismar and Harvey Kahn, Spiritually Moving:  A Collection of American Folk Art Sculpture (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1998) pl. 16;
David Schorch, Expressions of Innocence and Eloquence: Selections from the Jane Katcher Collection of Americana, vol. II, (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2011), illus. in color.

Wear and oxidation commensurate with age and use. Few old repairs and minor losses as consistent with use and age. IMPORTANT NOTICE: Purchasers may pay for and pick up their purchases from any of our Americana Week sales taking place from January 17-20, 2019, at our York Avenue headquarters until the close of business on Sunday, January 20, 2019. After this time, all property (sold and unsold) will be transferred to our offsite facility, Crozier Fine Art, One Star Ledger Plaza, 69 Court Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102. Once property has been transferred from our York Avenue location, it will not be available for collection at Crozier Fine Arts until Friday, January 25, 2019. Crozier's hours of operation for collection are from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Monday-Friday. Please note, certain items of property, including but not limited to jewelry, watches, silver and works on panel will remain at 1334 York Avenue. Invoices and statements will indicate your property's location. For more information regarding collection from our offsite facility, please visit sothebys.com/pickup.
In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective qualified opinion.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING CONDITION OF A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD "AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF SALE PRINTED IN THE CATALOGUE.

The construction of the Howard company's animals differed from all other makers in combining front body sections of cast zinc with molded three-dimensional copper rear bodies. This rare and unusual horse's flat rear body is instead made of sheet copper, which independent researcher Richard Miller has suggested may have been an early experiment by the firm, which was originally known as J. & C. Howard. A handful of oxen of this same construction are also known. The cast zinc fore body of this horse is the same as that of the so-called "Index Horse," a then-unidentified Howard vane illustrated for The Index of American Design in 1940.