Figures sculpted in beeswax and painted with clan designs such as this are associated with love magic and sorcery. The anthropologist Charles Mountford collected two human figures of Wuyal (Oijal) the boomerang-man, and his wife Neri-neri moulded in wax and painted with similar clan patterns, as well as eight painted wax sculptures of animals, at Yirrkala in 1948. These are illustrated in C. P. Mountford, Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land, Volume 1: Art, Myth and Symbolism, Melbourne, 1956, pp. 322 and 451, pls. 104 and 143 respectively, and in R. M. Berndt, C. H. Berndt and J. E. Stanton, Aboriginal Australian Art: A Visual Perspective, Melbourne, 1992, p. 111, pl. 112.