This bureau was sold to Israel Sack in the early 20^th century by William Wells Tapley (b. 1867), a descendant of Stephen Hopkins (1707-1785), the Governor of Rhode Island and Signer of the Declaration of Independence. At time of sale, Tapley stated that the bureau had always remained in the Hopkins family. He inherited it from his aunt, Charlotte Wells Sweetland (1829-1899) of Providence, who was the great-great granddaughter of Stephen Hopkins.  As this bureau was made in the 1790s and post dates his life, it was likely originally owned by his grandson, Stephen Hopkins (1762-1830), and his wife Mary Rodman (1762-1849) of Providence, and descended to their daughter, Harriet Amanda Hopkins (1801-1879) and her husband, Elisha C. Wells (1797-1864), Charlotte’s parents. After William Tapley inherited it from his Aunt Charlotte, he later sold it to Israel Sack and it was included in the sale One Hundred Important American Antiques … Acquired from Notable Collections by Israel Sack held at American Art Association, Anderson Galleries in 1932.

Upon examination of this bureau prior to this sale, it was determined that the cabinetmaker who assembled the case did so in reverse and patched the mortises to conceal his error. It was also discovered that in constructing this bureau, the maker used a combination of rosehead nails and square nails. The period cut square nails were used in the applied beading, drawer supports, and drawer guides. Since nails of this type did not come into use until the 1790s, this chest dates to that time. The popularity of block-and-shell furniture prevailed in Rhode Island and it continued to be made until the late 18^th century, when John Townsend made a block-and-shell chest of drawers in 1792 for Sarah Slocum (1771-1859) of Newport.¹ That chest bears the paper label “MADE BY / JOHN TOWNSEND / NEWPORT,” which is inscribed in ink “Sarah Slocum’s” and dated “November 20^th 1792.” The Slocum chest is identical to a chest made by Towsend twenty-seven years earlier, which speaks to longevity of Rhode Island case forms and the conservatism of the clientele.² A block-and-shell chest of drawers at Colonial Williamsburg dates slightly later than the Slocum chest as it displays a paper label used by John Townsend between 1793 and 1797.³

¹ See Morrison Heckscher, John Townsend: Newport Cabinetmaker (New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2005): no. 19, pp. 115-117.
² See a Townsend chest of drawers at the Metropolitan Museum of Art illustrated in ibid, no. 18, pp. 112-114.
³ See ibid, no. 20, pp. 118-119.