明十六世紀 掐絲琺瑯寶鴨熏爐 配 清乾隆 掐絲琺瑯蓮瓣座 座：《乾隆年製》款 |

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It is rare to find a Ming dynasty Imperial cloisonné enamel incense burner of this high quality, created in the form of a mandarin duck. Another closely related example from the Qing Court collection, depicted standing on a stylised lotus leaf, preserved in the Palace Museum, Beijing, is illustrated in The Complete Collection of Treasures of the Palace Museum. Metal-bodied Enamel Ware, Hong Kong, 2002, pl. 76. The overall structure, modelling technique and precise treatment of the enamelled design and specific details including the poised webbed feet, closely relate to the current example. 

For another Ming dynasty bird-form incense burner, see a cloisonné enamel example in the form of a waterfowl in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, illustrated in Enamel Ware in the Ming and Ch'ing Dynasties, Taipei, 1999, pl. 42.  See also a goose-form incense burner, lacking its pedestal, from the collection of David David-Weill and now in Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris, is illustrated in Beatrice Quette, ed., Cloisonné. Chinese Enamels from the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, New York, 2011, p. 277, cat. no. 104. The current incense burner was at some point detached from the pedestal, possibly a stylised lotus leaf like the Beijing example, and during the Qianlong period the reign-marked circular pedestal was specifically created for it.

Qing dynasty examples are much more frequently found. See a pair of incense burners in the shape of ducks, attributed to the 17th century, from the Pierre Uldry collection, illustrated in Helmut Brinker and Albert Lutz, Chinese Cloisonné. The Pierre Uldry Collection, London, 1989, no. 220. See also a Qianlong period duck-form incense burner, in the Museum für Kunsthandwerk, Frankfurt, published in Gunhild Gabbert Avitabile, Die Ware aus dem Teufelsland: Chinesische und japanische Cloisonné- und Champlevé-Arbeiten von 1400 bis 1900, Frankfurt, 1981, cat. no. 102; another in the Palace Museum, Beijing, included in Zhongguo jin yin boli falangqi quanji [Complete works of Chinese gold, silver, glass and enamelware], vol. 6: Falangqi II [Enamelware II], Shijiazhuang, 2002, pl. 42, together with an incense burner in the form of a mythical beast, pl. 41.