拍品 3002
  • 3002

清乾隆 御題黃楊木雕文殊菩薩騎獅像 《乾隆辛巳御贊》款、「古香」印

估價
8,000,000 - 10,000,000 HKD
招標截止

描述

  • 《乾隆辛巳御贊》款、「古香」印
  • Boxwood
exquisitely carved to depict Manjushri seated in rajalilasana atop a lotus-form saddle on the fringed caparison of a lion, the tonsured bodhisattva portrayed with a serene expression and dressed in loose robes and holding a string of prayer beads in the right hand, the mythical beast rendered standing foursquare with the head turned to the left, further decorated with a bushy mane and tail detailed with fine incisions, the group with a standing foreign attendant with one hand on the collar of the beast, the figure depicted with curly hair and beard and clad in loose robes tied with a long sash at the front, all atop an irregular base decorated with cloud scrolls, the base inscribed with an imperial poem with traces of blue pigment identifying the deity as Manjushri, dated to the xinsi year of the Qianlong period (in accordance with 1761), followed by a red seal mark reading guxiang ('ancient fragrance'), the wood with a rich reddish-brown patina, wood stand

來源

紐約蘇富比1980年2月28日,編號42
Timothy Lewis 收藏,Melplash Court,多塞特郡
多塞特郡 Duke's Auctioneers 2010年9月23日,編號1206

Condition

The group is in very good condition with the fragile extremities well preserved. There is an expected age crack measuring approx. 1 cm to the edge of the base.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

題識:
是法王子,即法王身,非一非二,何踈何親。
如是現象,據師子背,不見一法,千古無對。
五臺示跡,國清留踪,成所作智,妙應無窮。
扶寸非小,丈六非大。住世度人,云何不可。

黃楊木雕菩薩面相慈祥莊嚴,斜披袈裟,右手持佛珠,左手置足後,結遊戲坐。所乘佛獅,雙目炯炯,口露獠牙,足踏利爪,毛髮蓬鬆,身綴鞍具飾纏枝蓮花,攀胸垂鈴、鞦墜穗子,細緻華麗。旁立胡人毛髮曲捲,鬆衣寬袖,上身繫紐,結領襟前,左手挽袍,右手前伸牽獅,雙腳下承流雲輕捲,底鐫隸書御贊,並以紀年、印章作結。整體工細入微,眼目添墨點睛,出神入化,如菩薩乘獅騰雲而至,弘揚佛法深義。

據御贊記錄及坐駕,菩薩應為文殊,又稱文殊師利或曼殊室利菩薩。「文殊」有美妙之意,「師利」則可解作吉祥、莊嚴,合起來可意譯為妙吉祥。文殊菩薩象徵智慧,乃佛教四大菩薩之一,釋迦牟尼佛的左脅侍菩薩,與象徵行德之右脅侍普賢菩薩相對應,論德,居菩薩之首,故稱法王子。文殊菩薩像,一般頂上常結五髻,代表五智,手持象徵智慧之劍,禦獅以展示智慧之威。此尊黃楊木雕文殊像,菩薩雖坐獅,然一改慣習,沒結五髻,更未持劍,甚為特別。

滿洲原作「滿珠」,因譯音相近,西藏傳統上尊稱清帝為「曼殊師利大皇帝」,即文殊,詳見阿桂等,《欽定四庫全書.欽定滿洲源流考》,卷1,頁3-4。乾隆皇帝篤信佛教,對文殊華號卻之不恭,更自稱為文殊菩薩的轉世(詳見乾隆皇帝佛裝像座前藏文,《故宫經典:故宮唐卡圖典》,北京,2011年,編號36)。又時往佛堂參拜禮佛,並命建寺堂,對供奉文殊菩薩之佛堂聖地,尤為重視。乾隆二十六年(1761年),高宗陪伴皇太后往山西五台山殊像寺進香,五台山傳說為文殊菩薩之道場。高宗得見文殊菩薩聖像,讚其莊嚴,念念未忘,回鑾後「心追手摹」御描文殊像,著丁觀鵬補色,該畫現存台北故宮博物院,見《故宮書畫圖錄》,卷13,台北,1994年,頁127-128。高宗又命人按文殊慈相雕石,奉於新建成之香山寶相寺,及至三十九年(1774年),更於承德熱河另建殊像寺。

清高宗命造辦處佛教造像眾,材質各樣,以奉於紫禁城內之大小佛堂。據《內務府造辦處活計檔》,高宗要求佛教造像製作嚴謹,並多番就佛像細部提出修改,如乾隆三十八年(1773年)高宗就騎吼、文殊、馱象三尊菩薩敕旨「獅、象、吼頭尾不視,後凡造騎獸之佛像倶要頭尾相視」。本尊文殊菩薩像,年代較早,是以未受佛獸須頭尾相視之規範。

除積極參與佛教造像製作,批評修改以外,高宗且製文詠贊,例如此黃楊木雕文殊菩薩像底部所鐫詩文,見於〈木刻文殊像贊〉,《清高宗御製文初集》,卷30,頁13,同頁並載〈木刻觀音像贊〉,出處同上,均抄錄於紀年乾隆二十五庚辰(1760年)與二十六辛巳之佛教像贊之間(圖一)。

北京故宮博物院藏品中,有一沉香木雕坐獅菩薩像,與此尊造型姿態相同,均雕菩薩結遊戲坐,騎乘佛獅,旁立胡人牽獅,底刻相同文殊御贊,圖見《中國美術分類全集.中國竹木牙角器全集》,卷2:木雕器(上),編號68。故宮藏像下承紫檀蓮花座,總高記為24公分,按比例推算略大於此尊。然故宮研究員或因菩薩造型及法器,指該像應為彌勒,見頁23。

同書下頁並錄一沉香木雕觀音像,底刻前述之〈木刻觀音像贊〉,高12.6公分,出處同上,編號69,又載於《故宫經典:故宮觀音圖典》,故宮博物院,北京,2012年,編號202。據清宮《內務府造辦處活計檔》記載,乾隆二十七年(1762年)「太監胡世傑交香胎觀音菩薩一尊(隨黃綾佛衣打色木見線貼金寶座一座)、打色木供櫃一座,傳旨將菩薩連寶座配做六方文雅龕,下照清可軒又 [右] 佛座一樣配座,要與供櫃一般高,先做樣呈覧,得時在靜明園清涼禪窟殿內安供,其打色木供櫃著做材料用」,條目所載之觀音像,或與沉香刻文觀音像類同。