拍品 3136
  • 3136

明永樂 釋迦牟尼佛坐像石碑

估價
8,000,000 - 12,000,000 HKD
Log in to view results
招標截止

描述

  • stone
of rectangular form, meticulously and skilfully carved on one side with Shakyamuni Buddha seated in vajraparyankasana on a double-lotus pedestal above a waisted multi-tiered base, the deity portrayed with the right hand held in blumisparshamuda and the left in dhyanamudra, depicted clad in a pleated robe draped over the left shoulder, the meditative expression accentuated with downcast eyes below thin arched brows, flanked by long pendulous earlobes pierced with vertical slots, surmounted by hair arranged in rows of small whorls and a conical bud-shaped ushnisha, the head and torso framed by a halo and surrounded by a mandorla crested with a soaring dragon flanked by a pair of makara above a lappet-bordered beam, the lower section of the mandorla with two rams supported on two elephants hands, all within a border of flaming wisps and above registers detailed with circular motifs, lotus petals and keyfret adorning the base, all against a ground of dense lotus scrolls issuing from two vases raised on stands flanking the figure, each vessel rendered with a broad rounded shoulder and decorated on the exterior with petal lappets, the scene further adorned with ruyi-shaped cloud scrolls flanking the base of the deity, traces of gilding and red pigment

來源

1945年後購於舊金山
紐約佳士得2007年3月22日,編號226
樂從堂收藏

Condition

This superbly carved stele is in overall very good condition with just some expected nicks to the extremities, especially to the nose and finger tips; the latter slightly retouched with gilt. It retains traces of its original red pigments and gilding.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

永樂御雕弘佛恩

這尊石灰岩碑以精巧的深淺浮雕刻作,中心的釋迦牟尼像結跏趺坐於蓮花座上,周圍有印度風格紋飾,非常罕見。其品相保存極佳,尚存原來紅彩與貼金之痕跡。製於永樂年間,應奉於南京或新帝定都的北京之佛塔或寺廟中,見證中國歷史上之輝煌盛世。

這尊釋迦牟尼像右手下垂持觸地印,並維持在禪定冥想的坐姿之中,訴說著佛陀證悟真理之前戰勝魔羅的事蹟。佛陀立下誓約將保持禪定冥想的坐姿,直到透悟真理實相為止。但他遇到了魔羅,那是一位試圖讓佛陀分心,阻礙佛陀證悟真理實相的惡魔。對於一切試圖破壞佛陀追求理想的種種誘惑,無論是喜悅或是厭惡的干擾,佛陀均不為所動。依據傳統記載,魔羅展開最後的攻擊,試圖動搖佛陀慈悲的菩薩胸懷。對佛陀追求心靈覺醒的理想與脫離輪迴獲得最後的解脫,魔羅提出了質疑。在精神毅力的支持下,釋迦牟尼想起自己在多次以動物與人類身形的轉世過程中,曾以無量的慈悲願力幫助一切的有情眾生。於此覺悟的關鍵時刻,釋迦牟尼理解並坦然地面對命運。為了回應魔羅的質疑,禪定坐姿的釋迦牟尼移動膝上的右手,觸碰大地,並說「大地是我的證人」。以此堅定不移搖的動作使得魔羅、魔軍與女色誘惑潰散敗逃,留下釋迦牟尼獨自在菩提樹下的金剛座體驗偉大的覺悟。佛陀悟道於印度東部的菩提迦耶,據說該地擁有神奇的力量,促成了衪的覺悟。

若仔細對比其他永樂紀年佛像及銘文,可證此佛像為永樂年作。本尊釋迦牟尼佛像之風格及造型,與兩尊永樂年號鎏金銅釋迦牟尼佛像相近,其中一例大英博物館藏,圖見《明:皇朝盛世五十年》展覽圖錄,大英博物館,倫敦,2014年,圖195,另一件出自 Speelman 收藏,見於屈志仁及 Denise Patry Leiden,《Defining Yongle: Imperial Art in Early Fifteenth-Century China》,大都會藝術博物館,紐約,2005年,圖版24,後售於香港蘇富比2006年10月7日,編號808(圖一)。此像與上述兩尊鎏金銅佛像,皆坐於蓮花座上,下承紋飾精緻繁麗之方形台座。三尊佛像身後皆有火焰形背光,滿綴纏枝印度蓮花。紐約蘇富比曾售出一冊永樂十二年(1414年)楷書佛經,內頁一幅菩薩像之台座、背光、印度蓮花紋飾與上述相同,2015年3月19日,編號427,現藏於上海龍美術館(圖二)。

位於北京西北方之長城要塞居庸關雲台有佛像雕刻,建造於元末至正年間,是本尊佛像的原型,圖載於《Defining Yongle: Imperial Art in Early Fifteenth-Century China》,前述出處,圖14。兩尊佛像造型幾乎相同,台座與蓮花座紋飾相同,但本尊面容更自在祥和,輪廓較柔膩,衣褶自然垂落,掀掀欲飄。此外,本品罕有地描繪迦樓羅咬噬蛇神娜迦的形象,可證印度和尼泊爾神祗形象在元代經西藏傳入中原。永樂年間,仍見有迦樓羅之踪,南京市博物館藏一件迦樓羅陶像,色彩至今仍奪目鮮豔,原為南京大報恩寺塔內之拱門裝飾,錄於《明:皇朝盛世五十年》,前述出處,圖190;該塔為永樂皇帝為報父母生養之恩而建。

當今各地博物館皆無收藏與本品可比的永樂石灰岩佛像。據載,僅有一例私人收藏釋迦牟尼石灰岩雕像,風格與本尊相同,尺寸、造型亦相近,稍異之處為背光內所飾的神獸形象,載於《懷古堂》,第5期,1997年秋,編號88,後售於紐約佳士得2004年9月21日,編號139。本尊佛像據傳出自南京一座佛塔,曾屬 Emmanuel Dimitri Gran(1894-1969年)收藏。Emmanuel Gran為建築師,原駐居聖彼得堡,1917年逃難俄國革命後遷往上海,並於上世紀二十至三十年代四處搜求中國收藏品。其於1948年移居加州,後再於紐約定居,擔任當地希爾頓酒店的建築師。此石碑1948年得自舊金山,很可能為當時所收。誠然,經歷史考據,結合本品之造像及藝術風格,可推證本尊佛像乃永樂帝在南京建造的皇家建築之存世遺物。