拍品 3128
  • 3128

明十五世紀中葉 鎏金銅大威德金剛像

估價
2,600,000 - 3,600,000 HKD
Log in to view results
招標截止

描述

  • bronze
the yidam and consort standing in alidhasana on a wood pedestal carved in the form of a double-lotus base with beaded edges below trampled figures, the yidam with a fierce buffalo head and seven human heads, each with a third eye and adorned with a skull crown, the buffalo head detailed with bulging eyes and a gaping mouth, all surmounted by the head of Manjushri, the yidam with thirty-four arms holding ritual weapons and implements aloft, the consort in ecstatic union with the left leg wrapped around the waist of the partner, holding in the raised right hand a kartrika

來源

新田集團收藏,日本

展覽

《金銅佛造像特展》,國立故宮博物院,台北,1987年,編號30

出版

《藏傳佛教金銅佛像圖典》,北京,1996年,圖版285

Condition

As visible in the catalogue photo, the base has been replaced with a later wood version. The figure is in overall good condition, with just minor breaks including the tip of the animal's left horn. Other general surface wear, minor losses to implements, bruises and loss to gilding.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

此尊鎏金銅大威德金剛像,近類於三尊十五世紀大型鎏金銅大威德金剛像,其中二尊出自 Gumpel 舊藏,曾於1904年售於巴黎德魯奧大樓,近年其一於2016年11月30日售於香港佳士得,編號3234,另一尊1999年3月25日售於紐約蘇富比,編號122。還有一尊曾為紐約古董商 Rare Art Inc. 所藏,刊載於《Arts of Asia》,1975年11月-12月,封底廣告。此像雖尺寸略小,法相造形威嚴有力,大威德金剛牛舌長伸直入明妃口唇,極為罕見。

大威德金剛,源自金剛乘體系,深植藏人宗教,然此造像風格可見明代早期,中國與西藏的政教交流之下衍生的藝術特徵。早明時期,宮廷已對藏傳佛教甚為重視,尤以明成祖永樂帝在位期間最盛,當時,西藏宗教領袖德銀協巴,第五世大寶黑帽法王噶瑪巴,特別受到皇帝青睞。如此建立了皇室贊助者與宗教領袖間的「供施關係」(藏語 cho-yon),接近於元代忽必烈與西藏薩迦派領袖八思巴(1235-1280年)之間的關係。

永樂一朝,宮廷訂造相當數量的鎏金銅佛,主用於賞賜西藏政要,及贈施西藏寺院,造像多數體積較小,適合隨身攜帶,用於個人禪定修行之用。宣德時期,造予西藏寺院之佛像數量減少,但宮廷持續詔造藏傳形式的佛像,形體較大,施予中國境內的喇嘛廟。此一傳統延續至正統、景泰、成化朝,許多已知的大型金剛乘鎏金銅佛,可推測原為供奉於中國境內之寺院。

Rare Art Inc. 舊藏大威德金剛像,明顯見有許多永樂佛像特徵,但台座銘紀為明成化十年(1474年)。相類之永樂例子可參見 Speelman 舊藏大威德金剛像,2006年10月7日售於香港蘇富比,編號812。

藏傳佛教體系中,大威德金剛是薩迦派與噶舉派中最主要的神祇,此二教派對於元代宮廷與明初皇帝都有深遠影響。紐約大都會博物館藏一件元御製薩迦緙絲壇城,主尊即是大威德金剛,載錄於屈志仁與 Ann E. Wardwell,《When Silk was Gold》,紐約,1997年,編號25。並參考一件永樂時期鎏金銅蓮花壇城,刊於烏爾裡希.馮.施羅德,《西藏佛教雕塑t》,香港,2001年,卷2,圖版350B。

大威德金剛之於宗喀巴大師(1357-1419年)創立的格魯派,甚是重要。宗喀巴大師被視為文殊菩薩轉世,大威德金剛是文殊菩薩的忿怒像,格外彰顯其重要性。永樂帝曾多次邀宗喀巴大師入朝,大師最後派遣弟子釋迦也失(1355-1435年)赴漢地,深得帝王垂青,宣德封其法王,為朝廷中格魯派代表。格魯傳承為西藏十五世紀新興教派,基於大威德金剛乃其重要神祇,此像或為奉朝廷之命為中國境內格魯寺院所造,鑄造工藝精湛成熟,應造於北京。

文殊菩薩乃宇宙智慧之象徵,不僅宗喀巴大師,中國帝王也自認為文殊菩薩化身。大威德金剛為全能文殊菩薩的顯身,也成為皇帝無上權威的表徵。其威武的造形強化皇室統治大權,並開啓通往佛教覺知的最高境界。