拍品 1107
  • 1107

明初 鈞窰葡萄紫釉鼓釘三足水仙盆

估價
8,000,000 - 12,000,000 HKD
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描述

  • ceramic
with shallow rounded sides curving down to a flat recessed base supported on three gently flaring ruyi-shaped feet, the rim bordered with a band enclosing evenly spaced rounded studs between two narrow raised ribs, above a further band of studs above the feet, the well-proportioned body skilfully applied with an attractive two-tone glaze, the interior with an even milky lavender-blue glaze with characteristic 'earthworm tracks', the rim and exterior with a rich reddish-purple glaze transmuting to lavender-blue below the lower studs and thinning to a mushroom tone at the raised edges, the feet and base covered with a wash of pale mushroom glaze with light purple mottles in areas, including the feet, the base inscribed with a character liu (six), surrounded by twenty spur marks revealing the pale buff stoneware body

來源

私人收藏,購於第二次世界大戰以前,此後家族傳承
倫敦蘇富比2003年6月12日,編號108
J.J. Lally & Co.,紐約

Condition

The bowl is in exceptional condition, with just typical minute flakes to the rim.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

官鈞水仙盆
康蕊君

鈞窰水仙盆,結合天藍及葡萄紫二色,明豔攝人,屬中國陶瓷史上最耀眼之作。此器發色濃麗典雅,極為珍稀,釉色佈局更是脫俗非凡,獨一無二。盆內施天藍釉,純正亮澤,可見鈞瓷特有的「蚯蚓走泥紋」,外壁葡萄紫釉華美奪目,然最是特別之處為其底足,上緣紫藍交融,再以天藍漸變融入盆底及三足之褐青釉,如意足緣更以鮮亮寶石紅色綴鑲。

水仙盆取鼓釘盆器形,屬一類鈞窰模造花器,通器多僅施單色天藍或紫釉,常見底部刻有一至十數字,彷似與器物尺寸相關。此類鈞窰花器之斷代至今仍備受學者討論,一說為北宋,另說應造於元末明初,相關論點可參考李寶平,〈Numbered Jun Wares: Controversies and New Kiln Site Discoveries〉,《東方陶瓷學會彙刊》,卷71,2006-7年,頁65-77。

多數知名中國學者持以北宋論,以鈞窰遺址附近出土北宋宣和朝(1119-25年)鈞瓷胎錢幣鑄模為立論基礎。西方學者則多支持元末明初一說,以鈞瓷花器之造形風格明顯不同於其他宋例,卻與元末明初龍泉青瓷及景德鎮青花瓷相近為根據。2005年於禹州及2006年於深圳舉行的鈞窰學術研討會上,經學者仔細審視,已推翻前述錢幣鑄模之年代,證實此非宣和朝物,其背面且有年代更早之偽仿年號,經上海博物館採樣測試後,年代為元末明初。近年發掘一件鈞窰執壺,器形與梁莊王墓出土金執壺器形相似,梁莊王葬於公元1441年,更加確認斷代較晚之論。

現存多數帶數字銘之鈞瓷皆存於台北國立故宮博物院及北京故宮博物院,源自清宮舊藏,器身燒造後常見刻有宮殿名,清宮所藏幾無元瓷,因此推論此類花器應非元造,而是早明之物,可能為永樂朝特為大都新建宮殿所造。

北京故宮博物院近期展覽稱此類數字銘鈞瓷花器為「陳設類」官鈞瓷(《鈞瓷雅集:故宮博物院珍藏及出土鈞窰瓷器薈萃》,故宮博物院,北京,2013年,頁168始)。文中論及鈞瓷斷代,對於北宋論已有保留,但指「這是個較為複雜的學術問題,不能急於求成」。明以前典籍未見鈞瓷,鈞為「宋代五大名瓷」之說也出自明代,若論鈞窰為北宋官辦瓷窰,甚是令人詫異。

展覽圖錄刊載三件北京故宮藏鼓釘式盆,與此件拍品類同,尺寸略大,但發色較淡(圖版94-96及頁343,圖14-1、14-2),與窰址出土殘片(圖版97、98及頁343,圖13)。同錄四件年代較晚作例,比例與燒造技法相異,斷為元至明初,其中三例為故宮博物院藏品(圖版113、115、116及頁343,圖15-1、15-2),一件出土於禹州(圖版114及頁343,圖12-1、12-2);並載後朝仿作之器,如雍正窰(圖版126、127)、石灣窰(圖版125)、宜興窰(圖版145),皆現藏於故宮博物院。

鈞窰遺址發掘報告以地層分析證據,支持北宋論點,其中記載大量出土鼓釘式水仙盆殘片,及其他數字銘鈞瓷(《禹州鈞台窰》,鄭州,2008年,頁25,圖14,頁28,圖15及彩圖版16-25)。此立論依據卻似有疑點,遺址地層區分為五,分別定為唐(618-907年)、北宋(960-?年)、北宋中期、北宋晚期(?-1127年)、明(1368-1644)。宋明之間消失的241年使得出土數字銘鈞瓷得以斷為北宋晚期,即使充滿大量數字銘鈞瓷殘片之土層顯然位於另二「晚宋」土層之上,緊接於「明代」土層之下(前述出處,頁16),同一土層並出土其他元代至早明瓷片,如磁州窰等(前述出處,彩圖版40、41)。

此件鈞窰水仙盆釉色藍紫交融,嬌美絕倫,更勝多數同類鈞瓷,清代御窰以此為本,創窰變釉瓷。雍正帝傾愛鈞瓷,曾下令將清宮珍藏鈞瓷送至景德鎮御窰廠,詔命匠人摹傚作之。部分清代單色官瓷皆以鈞瓷為雛本,2013年北京故宮博物院展覽曾展出數件,包括書雍正年製款者(《鈞瓷雅集》,前述出處,圖版128-136)。檔案記載是時督陶官唐英,為燒造此類單色瓷,曾派遣匠人遠赴河南鈞窰,學習當地製瓷技術。