拍品 3015
  • 3015

清乾隆 白玉痕都斯坦式瓜棱式羊首盃

估價
8,000,000 - 12,000,000 HKD
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描述

  • jade
the lustrous and even white stone exquisitely worked in the form of a lobed floral bloom with delicate rounded walls rising steeply from the foot, one side elegantly tapering into an openwork handle modelled in the form of a ram's head depicted turned to one side, the beast sensitively rendered with a serene expression with a slightly open mouth and a beard conjoined to the exterior of the vessel, its head accentuated by a pair of precisely striated curved horns, one extending into and silhouetting the edge of the vessel, the exterior of the vessel decorated in low relief with a band of upright acanthus leaves, all supported on a splayed foot depicted as a lotus bloom with furled petal tips radiating from a rounded centre

Condition

The cup is in good condition, with just occasional minute, insignificant flakes to the rim as expected of a jade cup of this fragility. The colour of the jade in the catalogue photo is accurate.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

此類取材淨白玉料、作工細緻入裡之痕都斯坦式玉作,因循古印度蒙兀兒皇朝傳統。乾隆中期二十一年(1756),記載痕都斯坦玉器自中亞傳入,進貢帝王,深得君心,自此以降,同類貢品時可見之。造辦處亦招募回族玉匠,琢作此類玉器。不出數載,至乾隆二十九年(1764),造辦處之中國匠人已能十足摹作。乾隆帝傾愛痕都斯坦式玉器,曾作超過七十首御製詩,贊譽匠人臻化巧工,玉質純潔淨美。如香港蘇富比2004年4月25日拍出一件白玉蚌式盃,精巧雅致,刻有乾隆甲午年(1774)中秋所贊之《題痕都斯坦玉飲器》詩(收錄於《清高宗御製詩文全集.御製詩四集》,卷18,頁14),詩文如下:

西崑玉工巧無比,水磨磨玉薄如紙,
製為飲器佐閜盌,形異梓人載周禮;
半匡芰荷葉翻上,一朵薝蔔花承底,
又如老蚌擘方諸,映月分明欲生水;
撫不知痕眎知痕,何以措思何運指,
奇技直擬下增椎,徐觀又復弗忍耳。

詩文後段明顯可見乾隆帝對玉匠「措思」、「運指」的深究,對其「奇技」的折服及對玉器的愛不釋手。現存的痕都斯坦式玉器中,造辦處奉命刻御製詩者,不下廿五(詳見鄧淑蘋,《故宮所藏痕都斯坦玉器特展》,國立故宮博物院,台北,1983年,頁9-109)。

此盃玉質淨白,工藝細膩,造形陽剛有力,羊首面容生動,下頦鬚鬍彰顯力度,線條微彎融入瓜形盃身,盃足作蓮花盛放,外壁細琢蜷曲枝葉。玉色乳白淨潔,彷若世外之物,深得乾隆帝慕奇之好。

乾隆朝製痕都斯坦式羊首盃,典型風格特徵有二,其一為不對稱瓜式,傚仿盛名遠播之沙迦汗玉盃,另一特色則為中式玉盃之瓜棱器腹較深。沙迦汗玉盃,藏於倫敦維多利亞與艾伯特博物館(藏品編號:IS.12-1962),精製妙造,為現知痕都斯坦玉作中之上品。盃身銘文記載其與沙迦汗王之關連,紀年1657,斷代十七世紀,較本件拍品年代早約一世紀。沙迦汗玉盃,原屬 Charles Seton Guthrie 上校珍藏。上校1828年赴印度,原派駐於孟加拉,1868年獲此盃,1962年入藏博物館。沙迦汗玉盃之圖片及有關詳論,可參見 Robert Skelton,《The Indian Heritage, Court Life and Arts Under Mughal Rule》,維多利亞與艾伯特博物館,倫敦,1982年,頁151,編號12,或 Susan Stronge,《Made for Mughal Emperors - Royal Treasures from Hindustan》,倫敦,2010年,頁215,圖版177-8。

台北故宮博物院藏一件類同羊首盃,頸部線條較直,器底作平展花足,展出於《國色天香:伊斯蘭玉器》,台北,2008年,編號245,同錄一件羊頭瓜瓣盃,羊眼嵌瑪瑙,橢圓平底圈足,編號246。亦參考一例,立首無足,載於屈志仁,《Chinese Jades from the Collection of the Seattle Art Museum》,西雅圖,1989年,圖版99。另一件瓜式玉盃作雁首,銘御製詩,原為Wilfred Fleisher收藏,2003年11月11日售於倫敦佳士得,編號68。

造辦處玉作匠師,取異國元素融入中國傳統玉器風格,創作出新穎中式風格玉器。中式風格羊首盃,台北國立故宮博物院藏一例,展於前述展覽,編號266。北京故宮博物院亦有一盃,錄於《故宮博物院藏文物珍品全集.玉器(下)》,香港,1995年,圖版161。Marvin Gordon 伉儷珍藏一例,錄於《Magic, Art and Order. Jade in Chinese Culture》,棕櫚泉沙漠博物館,棕櫚泉,1990年,頁152,圖版164。另參考 T.B. Kitson 收藏一器,1961年2月21日售於倫敦蘇富比,編號291,曾展出於《Chinese Jade Throughout the Ages》,維多利亞與艾伯特博物館,倫敦,1975年,編號439,及《The Woolf Collection of Chinese Jade》,倫敦蘇富比,2013年,編號60。Tournet 舊藏另有一盃,2008年4月11日售於香港蘇富比,編號2818。