拍品 321
  • 321

清乾隆 粉彩百鹿尊 《大清乾隆年製》款

估價
600,000 - 800,000 USD
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描述

  • 《大清乾隆年製》款
  • porcelain
of archaistic hu form and generous proportion, the well-rounded sides deftly painted with a continuous and lively scene of deer in a mountainous landscape setting, finely enameled in naturalistic tones of brown with carefully drawn fur, many of the deer spotted in white and a few with lightly dappled white coats, some resting or grazing, others gamboling, one drinking from a stream and two shown with horns locked in contest, several partially hidden by the dense foliage and twisted trunks of pine and cypress trees amidst craggy rockwork in green and blue enamels of varying tones and detailed with delicately applied black enamel, the pink enamel sparingly applied to two fruiting peach trees and some sprigs of lingzhi, the, the shoulder set with a pair of archaistic dragon-form loop handles in iron-red with gilt details, the base with a seal mark in underglaze blue

來源

購於1930年代,此後家族傳承

Condition

The vase is in excellent condition Some of the enamels to the upper section very slightly mis-fired.
In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective qualified opinion.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING CONDITION OF A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD "AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF SALE PRINTED IN THE CATALOGUE.

拍品資料及來源

木蘭百鹿

康蕊君

縱觀清代御瓷,見有取材自然,遍繪器身,筆法寫意,展卷如畫,不受畫框所限者,此為超然上品。此類器甚為珍罕,僅製於唐英督陶之時,自雍正始,至乾隆初,後不復現。

本尊紋飾,以鹿為題,鹿音同「祿」,寓意吉祥,器身兩側繪松、桃等樹,象徵長壽。此外,器身環繪自然景象,如一幅設色畫卷。細觀之,足可見乾隆其人與其治國之道。

行獵之事,始於康熙,乾隆恢復祖父所立慣例,定期於京郊率八旗圍獵,既承襲滿族傳統,更鍛煉軍隊騎射之術。據記載,自乾隆三年起,高宗即於京城東北、近承德熱河處設御用木蘭圍場。該處林木蔥鬱、野鹿成群,乾隆喜於木蘭圍場避暑,視之如夏宮,常於皇帳中接見外使。

乾隆五十八年,高宗八十二大壽,於木蘭圍場接見英皇喬治三世來使馬戛爾尼勳爵。壽宴過後,眾滿清大臣提議前往圍場西部山丘遊覽,馬戛爾尼傾倒於當地景緻,嘆謂「自然之絕色」:

該地曠野山巒起伏、奇石嶙峋、叢林蔥鬱,野鹿成群,種類繁多,其餘野獸,均無害於人。林間深處,橡、松、栗樹林立,生於極陡斜坡,根深入土,真乃世之奇觀。又見樹林覆蓋山峰,或盤踞山麓,陡斜而下,直入深谷。

(John Barrow,《Some Account of the Public Life, and a Selection from the Unpublished Writings, of the Earl of Macartney》,倫敦,1807年,頁273-4)。


朝廷常命宮廷畫師往木蘭圍場,記錄宮廷狩獵情況及圍場美景,百鹿尊上繪紋飾,正屬此類風景畫作。意大利籍傳教士郎世寧曾畫數幅狩獵圖,如《乾隆皇帝射獵圖》及《畫弘曆圍獵聚餐圖》(圖一)。郎世寧畫作構圖嚴謹,描繪動物栩栩如生、木蘭風景優美如畫,筆法自然精細,具學院派風格,對繪瓷匠師影響頗深。


從歷史文獻可知,此類尊乾隆登位起數年間已有燒製,或為恢復宮廷狩獵習俗而特製。廖寶秀於其書中曾引用乾隆三年六月造辦處活計檔,其中提及洋彩百祿雙耳尊,並見上諭著「照樣燒造,不要耳子」等記錄,詳見《華麗彩瓷-乾隆洋彩》,台北,2008年,圖版51,書中同錄台北國立故宮博物院所藏一對百鹿尊,耳施藍彩,斷代乾隆三年,紋飾取意「百祿」,所繪群鹿姿態各異,栩栩生動。


無耳尊例,現僅知有一,故當時或為試作,後即棄之。該例現藏東京靜嘉堂文庫美術館,圖見《靜嘉堂藏清朝陶磁景德鎮官窰の美》,靜嘉堂文庫美術館,東京,2006年,頁69,編號59,同錄一對雙耳尊例,耳為藍彩,頁68,編號58。


百鹿尊以紅耳為多,本品即為一例。上海博物館收藏一例,器型紋飾相近,圖見《中國陶瓷全集》,上海,1999-2000年,卷15,圖版17,同見封面。清宮舊藏另見一例,現藏於北京故宮博物院,錄《故宮博物院藏文物珍品大系·琺瑯彩·粉彩》,香港,1999年,圖版85,另可參考一藍耳例,同為北京故宮博物院收藏,圖見《故宮珍藏康雍乾瓷器圖錄》,香港,1989年,頁338,圖版19;吉美博物館Grandidier收藏另一紅耳尊例,載於《東洋陶磁大観》,卷7,東京,1981年,編號190;再比一例,出自Stevenson Burke收藏,售於紐約蘇富比1980年5月8日,編號248,曾展於《100 Masterpieces of Imperial Chinese Ceramics from the Au Bak Ling Collection》,英國皇家藝術學院,倫敦,1998年。


此外尚可比較一例,紋飾構圖與本品略異,近繪大鹿數隻,另繪群鹿於遠方,內施松石綠釉,乾隆款,甚為罕見,現藏於北京中國國家博物館,見《中國國家博物館館藏文物研究叢書:瓷器卷(清代)》,上海,2007年,圖版90,同錄一乾隆大盤,紋飾相近,圖版93。