拍品 3651
  • 3651

明永樂 象牙雕「坐龍抱珠」方璽 「德壽」字 印文:《子孫保之》

估價
10,000,000 - 15,000,000 HKD
招標截止

描述

  • 「德壽」字
    印文:《子孫保之》
  • ivory
of rectangular form, surmounted by a meticulously carved with a ferocious dragon in openwork, the mythical beast with bulging eyes, flaring nostrils, striated manes, and powerful claws, clutching a 'flaming pearl' in its hands, its arched body terminating in a curling tail swished back along its spine, crouching on the ground detailed with flickering flames in low relief, one of the rectangular sides incised in running script with the characters de shou, the seal face crisply carved in the positive with four characters reading zisun bao zhi ('Protected by the children and grandchildren'), the ivory of creamy colour

Condition

The fifth claws of the dragon have been ground down, which could have been in the late Ming or Qing Dynasty. In addition to some typical age cracks and nibbles, there are chips to the seal, including the dragon's lower left fang, and the tip of the flames above its shoulder. A small 2.7 cm section of the flames above the left haunch has been replaced. The 'eye' of the ivory appears at the top of the left side of the mane, but it appears to be original and not a section that has been replaced. The creamy-white ivory has a light golden brown patina.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

白龍,在中國有云乃仁主賢君之象徵。本品應為永樂帝而製,採純潔象牙,巧工雕白龍,有以白龍喻己之意。邊有淺刻「德壽」二字,呼應儒家「仁者壽,德潤身」之說,指仁德者可得長壽。以仁治國,並學聖人先賢之道,乃儒家思想之核心價值,歷代君王無不以此為訓。洪武三十一年(1398)夏,明太祖朱元璋駕崩,朱允炆繼位,才四年,朱棣起兵,攻入應天府稱帝,是為明成袓,改元永樂。與歷朝君主同,朱棣尚「君命天授」之說。靖難之役,大恣殺戮。是以朱棣即位後,為安定民心,力求塑造革新、賢明之形像。

明朝象牙印璽甚罕,其中永樂一朝之物,歷史意義重大,更是極為難得。早期牙雕一般可據其風格斷代。H.J. Oppenheim 典藏一枚象牙印( 圖一),鈕雕瑞獸,身綴細鱗,狀欲伏擊,雲煙火焰環繞,紀年為永樂十六年(1418),收錄於《International Exhibition of Chinese Art》,英國皇家藝術學院,倫敦,1935 年,編號2935。其形飾、風格、尺寸,均與此龍鈕印相若,由此可推斷後者同屬永樂之器。

本品印鈕,悍龍刻劃入微,肢體矯健有力,披一身鱗甲,繁而不縟,仿佛在炫耀宮廷匠人之技臻藝絕。曲身蹲伏雲紋地臺,雙手緊抱火珠,筋節盡現,威風凜凜。永樂一朝藝作風格,主張宣露於外,玉石、漆器上皆見。此龍煥發霸氣,正好呼應永樂藝風。本品與 Oppenheim 典藏象牙雕印,分別紀年及刻儒家賢訓,以此厲己。兩器風格相類,猜想乃出自同一作坊,極有可能同屬一組,為御用而製。

本印龍鈕,第五爪全給磨掉。明朝,多見相類情況,御用五爪龍紋被貶為四爪。例子見有倫敦國立維多利亞與艾伯特博物館藏品,其剔紅雕漆龍鳳紋聯屜案,製於十五世紀初,舉世知名,上飾之龍,第五爪皆被刪去,見加納爵士,《Chinese Lacquer》,倫敦,1979 年,圖版A。

在中國,印章有二類,有刻姓名字號之印,也有閒章,多鐫詩文格言等字。後者往往意味深長,涵物主哲思才量,是以古人較重之,卻不涉姓名字號。此品印文曰「子孫保 之」,屬閒章一類。已知「子孫保之」印璽有數枚,其中之一曾為清宮所藏。乾隆五十一年( 1786),清高宗在其御製詩《題漢玉章四方》中提及此印,見《清高宗御製詩文全集》,御製詩五集,卷十九。著名明代文人兼收藏家朱之赤,也有「子孫保之」印一方。倪贊(1301-74年)之《岸南雙樹圖》軸,曾為朱之赤雅屬,上應有其「子孫保之」印,畫軸現藏普林斯頓大學藝術館,詳見博物館網站。朱之赤舊藏宋廣書法,也鈐「子孫保之」印,現為北京故宮博物院所藏,圖見於《世界美術大全集》,東京,卷8,1999 年,圖版104。

此印章雕工近於明初風格。試比較南京汪興祖(1371年卒)墓出土明初玉牌數塊,上飾相類高浮雕雲龍紋,一器刊於《考古》,1972 年,第4 期,圖版7,現存南京博物院,圖也見於《中國美術全集》,卷9,北京,1991 年,圖版279。另有牙雕牌飾,紋樣相同,斷為洪武年間之物,見於《關氏所藏中國牙雕》展覽,香港中文大學文物館,香港,1990 年,編號87。

永樂御製漆器,也雕飾相近雲龍紋,精準有力,雍雅大方,如臺北國立故宮博物院藏漆盒,展於《故宮漆器特展》,臺北,1981 年,編號17,以及北京故宮博物院藏兩盒,收錄於《故宮博物院藏雕漆》,北京,1985 年,圖版52 及79,皆可資比較。此印鏤雕雲龍細膩傳神,與永樂雕漆有異曲之妙。

明初藝風,也可見於明朝皇陵巨石雕像,如神道上之麒麟,見 Ann Paludan,《The Chinese Spirit Road》,紐黑文及倫敦,1991 年,圖版220,及牌樓之龍,見圖版221。另可參見明代象牙雕海水雙龍筆山,上飾游龍風格近於本品,見《故宮博物院藏文物珍品全集.竹木牙角雕刻》,香港,2001 年,圖版104。

其他明代象牙印章,可見 Driffield Manor 的 Herbert and Lady Ingram 爵士伉儷舊藏獅鈕印章,售於倫敦蘇富比1993 年6 月8 日,編號155,以及大衛德爵士伉儷舊藏萬曆象牙雕印,上飾游龍,作與本印相近之姿態,見於東方陶瓷學會展覽《The Arts of the Ming Dynasty》,The Arts Council Gallery,倫敦,1957 年,編號363,並售於倫敦蘇富比1976 年12 月14 日,編號206。