拍品 86
  • 86

明成化 銅銜芝臥鹿 《成化十年》《劉定之製》款

估價
15,000,000 - 20,000,000 HKD
招標截止

描述

  • 《成化十年》《劉定之製》款
  • bronze
realistically modelled as a recumbent deer with a proudly raised triangular head detailed with almond-shaped eyes and branched antlers, grasping a curled sprig of lingzhi fungus in its mouth below comma-shaped flaring nostrils, its head gently turned towards its short tail, the hoofed beast with its legs neatly tucked beneath its robust body rendered with scattered stylised florets representing the snow-spotted fur, further decorated above its haunches with three ripe peaches accompanied by pointed leaves, each of the underside of the front limbs cast with four characters in regular script, together reading Chenghua shi nian, Liu Dingzhi zhi ('Made by Liu Dingzhi in the tenth year of the Chenghua period', corresponding to 1474), the dark brown richly patinated bronze surface further enhanced by cinnabar-lacquer red and green splashes, wood stand

來源

紐約蘇富比1996年9月18日,編號145

Condition

The fragile extremities, including both antlers, as well as the left section of the lingzhi sprig, have been broken off and reattached. Apart from some occasional casting flaws, minor dents and wear to the paint and lacquer splashes on the surface, the overall condition is quite good.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

此件銅鹿造像鑄造工藝高超,姿態優美卓群,極為珍罕,乃同類器物中唯一有紀年之作,造於年祚短暫的成化一朝更顯其重要非凡。此像原出自佛羅里達州私人收藏,1996年現身紐約拍賣會時引起轟動,被紐約時報形容為,「一件奇特華美的作品…是明代中期唯一紀年精準之重要工藝品」。此作結構巨碩,然造形雅緻絕美,其身形柔緩之起伏曲線,即使遠觀一樣引人注目,而近賞更能直接感受其觸感質地之高乘。全器展現出的自然寫實之美,及正面吉祥的寓意,無庸置疑是當時造以妝點達官顯要之宅邸居所。

造形相近之晚期銅製造像中,最接近之例應為維多利亞與艾伯特博物館收藏之銅鏡托,刊於Rose Kerr,《Later Chinese Bronzes》,倫敦,1990年,頁101,圖87,亦刊載於此書封面。此件鏡托作單角神獸犀牛形制,斷年為宋元之器,亦不無可能為後朝之作,其鑄造工法,以及自然逼真的跪坐姿態,獸腿安穩置於腹下,皆與本作十分相近。鏡托犀牛的面容神態,運用柔和線條展現其敦善尊貴之質,與此例異曲同工。

現知有著錄的另一件成化朝鹿形工藝品,為 Jack Chia 珍藏的龍泉青瓷盃,售於香港蘇富比1996年11月5日,編號642,及近年售於香港佳士得2011年11月30日,編號3021。此器作爵盃形制,以鹿形托盃,底部模印「成化年龍泉造」。然而此器燒造於龍泉窰,應是民間顯貴使用,不同於景德鎮官窰器專屬宮廷使用。

這件Speelman珍藏銅鹿造像,前足鑄有八字年款「成化十年,劉定之製」。張廷玉編撰之《明史》中記載,江西劉定之(1409-1469)出仕於成化年間,成化四年任職禮部左侍郎,卒於次年,追封禮部尚書。雖無直接史證,成化年間可能亦有同名劉定之者,此件銅鹿造像可能非劉定之所造,而是為親友為了劉定之諡後追封所訂造。

成化紀年之金屬器存世極少,可參考兩件銅爐,皆署「大明成化年萬家造」,其一原為水松石山房珍藏,售於香港蘇富比2012年4月4日,編號158,另一件藏於巴黎亞洲藝術博物館,刊載於 Soame Jenyns 及 William Watson,《Chinese Art. The Minor Arts》,倫敦,1963年,頁137,圖版60。有紀年之成化鎏金銅造像,可參考 Philip Goldman 收藏釋迦牟尼佛像,錄於Ulrich von Schroeder,《Indo-Tibetan Bronzes》,香港,1981年,頁529,圖150D。此像鑄楷書供養文,紀年成化三年,銘文風格近似本品。

鹿形紋飾可溯自中國藝術史之始,1978年湖北出土之春秋晚期楚國曾侯乙墓的一件漆繪木鹿,可說是其中最精妙之例,刊錄於《中國文物精華大辭典.金銀玉石卷》,上海,1996年,頁153,圖004。此例通體髹黑漆,上以朱漆描繪鹿皮斑點,類同此件銅鹿造像,都是以梅花鹿為原型,其獨特的斑點花紋,於中國原生的十九種鹿別中獨樹一格,向來受到藝匠之喜愛。

中國傳統中,鹿象徵高壽,此件造像口銜靈芝,如此珍稀仙物據說只有神鹿才能尋得,更是滿載長生祝壽之寓意。鹿同音於祿,亦常被作為祝賀高陞之意,宋瓷中描繪鹿形之例,可參考一件磁州窰枕,上飾斑點鹿兩隻,鹿角碩大,載於 Jan Wirgin,《Sung Ceramic Designs》,斯德哥爾摩,1970年,圖版42k。金銀器上之鹿紋,則可參考卡爾肯普博士收藏之一件宋代銀盌,註錄於 Bo Gyllensvärd,《Chinese Gold and Silver in the Carl Kempe Collection》,斯德哥爾摩,1953年,圖版138。描寫鹿之早期繪畫,可參考台北故宮博物院藏隋代《秋林群鹿圖》,載於 Laurence Sickman 及 Alexander Soper,《The Art and Architecture of China》,耶魯大學出版社,1956年,頁239,圖164。描繪鹿紋的元代瓷器,可參考一件青花三友圖罐,售於香港佳士得2006年5月30日,編號1384,罐身繪仙鹿回首望著漫漫山水間的一只靈芝。此件Speelman珍藏銅鹿造像不僅呈現出十五世紀銅製工藝之卓越發展,亦是中國藝術史上描繪鹿形圖像的長久傳統作了一個最佳詮釋。