拍品 85
  • 85

明宣德 鎏金銅「寶鴨」薰爐 《大明宣德年製》款

估價
20,000,000 - 25,000,000 HKD
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描述

  • 《大明宣德年製》款
  • gilt-bronze
the incense burner and cover extremely well cast in the round in the form of a standing duck, its head slightly raised, with an open beak as if calling out and small beady eyes framed by long sinuous feathers trailing down its gracefully curved slender neck, the voluminous body with two crescent-form apertures to the sides, covered with finely detailed overlapping plumes conveying a sense of softness, the wings tightly tucked on either side, adorned with layers of triangular and curling feathers, pointing to an array of feathers fanning out from its tail, all supported on two sturdy webbed feet, standing on a hexagonal waisted stand inscribed horizontally on top of the base with a six-character Xuande mark, resting on six triangular feet on the corners

Condition

The duck is in very good overall condition. The gilding has rubbed off on the top of the head, the beak, around the neck, the top of the feet and on the front part of the stand where the mark is. The duck is mounted to the stand with two oval fittings on the underside of the stand that appears to be original and unaltered. The underside is also coated with a cinnabar red wash similar to those found one the underside of Buddhist bronzes of the period. The interior of the upper section has traces of an old paper lining. There are traces of bright cuprite encrustation on the interior of the lower portion.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

金鴨騰薫

鎏金披身,曲項昂首嘴半張,佇立宣德年款六方台上,盡展英姿。薰巧作水鳥之形,眉心妙飾如意雲頭,卻無明顯瘤冠,應屬鴨類。胸前、腹下,翎毛纖細輕柔。頭頸、足上、雙翼、尾巴,羽翅則或直或曲,疊疊重重,層次分明。爐身分上下二截,以下部子口扣合,腹內中空,雙翼前接口上新月形鏤孔共二,促進對流。燃薰時煙隨頸而上,讓金鴨口吐香氣。

明時鴨薰甚流行,如永樂四年(1406),朱有墩《元宮詞一百首》中道:「金鴨燒殘午夜香,內家初試越羅裳」。明人金幼孜(1368-1431)曾賦詩〈元夕賜觀燈〉十首詠明初元宵御宴盛況,其中有句云:「金鴨騰薫藹瑞烟」,詳見《金文靖集》,欽定四庫全書本,卷4,無頁碼。金幼孜乃建文二年(1400)進士,永樂年間擢文淵閣大學士,並隨君出征,宣宗時修纂永樂、洪熙兩朝實錄,詔為總裁,卒於宣德六年(1431)。據此詩文,即十五世紀初永宣年間,與此品相類之金鴨薰爐曾用於宮廷筵席上。

一般宣德宮廷鎏金宗教造像,多刻「大明宣德年施」楷款,採自左至右順讀形式,雖有違漢地傳統,卻配合藏人書寫閱讀習慣。然鴨薰有別於宗教造像,因此沒有跟隨藏文書寫方向的理由,是以台座上「大明宣德年製」鐫款乃自右自左順讀,與漢文相符。此銘近似宣德御瓷橫款,同朝青花折枝花果厚壁大盌外沿可見,參考台北故宮博物院藏品,《明代宣德官窰菁華特展圖錄》,台北,1998年,編號47,或香港蘇富比2011年10月5日售出之同式大盌,編號13。

翻查出版文獻記錄,造型與此相近之傳世銅質薰爐不為多見,僅止數器可資比對,且尚未發現有其他鐫款例。有一鎏金銅鴨薰,斷代明朝,2007年12月19日於法國售出,編號126,收錄於《Cabinet Portier - 100 ans - 1909-2009》,巴黎,2010年,頁189,編號782。該鴨薰造型與本品極為相似,同作立姿,細飾羽毛,長短曲直兼而有之,燃香時氣應從口溢出,胸口兩旁也設彎月形氣孔。惟足上缺浮凸曲毛,且纖羽稍形粗略,不連台座。

紐約邦瀚斯2013年9月16日曾售一無款青銅薰(編號8103)造型、大小皆與此相近,同樣斷代明朝。也採上蓋下爐形式,彎月氣孔,惟頭部較本品略往前傾,身上欠缺細密翎毛,且不飾鎏金,曲腿坐著,下承蓮座。另可比較一鎏金銅薰,亦無年款,見於紐約佳士得2006年3月29日,編號320,謂之鵝形,擬定為宋明之物。其器形與邦瀚斯例幾近一樣,且大小相若,嘴巴卻似乎更往上揚,下缺台座。

還可參考德川美術館藏青銅鴨薰,站立方座上,形態與上述三器大同小異,翎毛間有氣孔,刊於《The Shogun Age Exhibition: From the Tokugawa Art Museum, Japan(將軍時代展)》,東京,1983年,頁107,編號75(圖一),圖錄中筆者斷為明十四至十五世紀。對比上述各例工藝,德川美術館藏品年代應稍晚。藝匠大概曾致思改良此薰爐造型,但見鴨首較佳士得例更加上仰,燃香時吐氣想必更為生動。其腦後羽毛尖出,身上亦不見細密纖毛,肩腹與羽翅根部銜接處飾細波浪紋,稍嫌繃緊,不及前例自然。

對比景德鎮出土明成化署款三彩鴨薰,造型有相類之處,參見《皇帝の磁器―新発見の景徳鎮官窯》,大阪,1995年,編號116(圖二)。其嘴巴上仰角度又與日本藏薰接近,且同立方台之上。然成化瓷薰,六個進氣孔則藏於子口。

薰爐取水鳥之形,早見於漢朝。波特蘭藝術博物館藏漢青銅鴨薰,形與本器接近,原屬 Arlene and Harold Schnitzer 伉儷珍藏,圖見 Donald Jenkins,《Mysterious Spirits, Strange Beasts, Earthly Delights: Early Chinese Art from the Arlene and Harold Schnitzer Collection》,波特蘭藝術博物館,俄勒崗,2005年,頁80-1(圖三)。

實例雖乏,但據後朝詩文,如李商隱(813-858)在《促漏詩》中道「睡鴨爐香換夕薰」,可知唐人也有使用相類薰爐。此風似乎持久不竭,延續至宋代。江西吉水縣南宋張宣義墓出土一銅鴨薰,姿態與現品並似。由出土地券得知張氏初殮於嘉熙元年(1237),至寶祐二年(1254)改葬現處。同樣長頸張口以吐香煙,細刻五官翎毛,見於陳定榮,〈江西吉水紀年宋墓出土文物〉,《文物》,1987年第2期,圖2及圖版6:5。

也可參考材質不同但器形相類之鳧薰,見 Stoclet 舊藏掐絲琺瑯例,擬為明十六世紀之品,收錄於《Chinese Works of Art from the Stoclet Collection》,Eskenazi,倫敦,2003年,編號18。還可參見台北國立故宮博物院藏掐絲琺瑯鳧式爐,據琺瑯料斷代明十六世紀前期,鳧首顯然較前例上仰,角度與成化出土例接近,收錄於《明清琺瑯器展圖錄》,國立故宮博物院,台北,1999年,編號7。

類比同代銅質鳧薰風格,本品刻劃尤為入微,且鎏金厚重,製作時間當較早於其他拍賣行或德川美術館藏例。此宣德款鴨薰,上承高古漢爐,栩栩如生,展現明初鎏金銅作之巧。遙想永宣當年,席設金鴨燃薰溢香,華貴生趣。傳世百載,實屬難得。