American painter and sculptor Robert Indiana was born in New Castle, Indiana in 1928. He was adopted as an infant and given the name Robert Clark. His family struggled with financial instability, which heightened when his parents divorced when the artist was nine years old; he subsequently lived with his mother who was a perpetual wanderer—by the time he was seventeen, they had moved twenty-one times. Following high school, Indiana enlisted in the US Air Force to fund his enrollment at the Art Institute of Chicago (where he registered in 1949) via the GI Bill. As a supplement to his studies at the Institute, he also undertook courses at the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in Maine, and the Edinburgh College of Art in Scotland, before graduating with his BFA in 1954. The summer of his graduation, the artist attended a six-week seminar at the University of London. Following this seminar, he planned to return to Chicago. Arriving back in the United States via New York, he found himself without the funds to complete the final leg of his journey. Amongst various odd jobs Indiana picked up to support himself, he worked at an art supply store where he met artist Ellsworth Kelly, who suggested that Indiana rent a loft in Coenties Slip in Manhattan, an area of great artistic activity at the time. In 1958, he changed his last name from Clark to Indiana in homage to his home state. Indiana’s move to the Slip had a profound effect on his artistic practice, as he was both surrounded by other creatives as well as gained access to several interesting, discarded materials—his finding of a set of 19th-century brass stencils became the material for some of his earliest sculptures, and type and words would come to feature heavily in his oeuvre. Although this approach led some to associate him with the Pop art movement (he was included in one of Andy Warhol’s films), he did not particularly identify with the group. He was only able to distinguish himself from the movement by largely addressing autobiographical and political themes in his work, rather than just pop culture. In 1965, the Museum of Modern Art commissioned Indiana to design a Christmas card, for which he created a motif with the word “love,” and the following year he translated the work onto canvas; this would come to be the template for undoubtedly his most iconic work, LOVE (1966), an aluminum sculpture of the word with a tilted “O.” The work catapulted the artist to fame, and iterations of the sculpture have been installed worldwide—and even came to be a United States postage stamp design. Their work would grow to include a myriad of popular expansions upon LOVE and its predecessor Hope, all in Indiana’s Clarendon font. Following the reveal of these works, Indiana’s career continued to be a critical success, and he continued to make works, both with personal and political imperatives, until his death in 2018. Indiana’s legacy is unique in that in many ways it has been difficult to categorize. Although he never identified with the movement, his stylistic similarities with Pop art had a distinct effect on the movement. His use of text has also influenced subsequent generations of artists—such as Glenn Ligon and Jenny Holzer. Today, among numerous installations of his work worldwide, he is included in the permanent collection of such significant institutions as the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; the Museum of Modern Art, New York; the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; and the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.

Robert Indiana

Robert Indiana, LOVE (Blue Faces Red Sides)

LOVE (Blue Faces Red Sides)

The Hartley Elegies: Berlin Series by <a href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/search?query=Robert+Indiana&amp;pfilters.dateRange=upcoming" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Robert Indiana</a>, 1990-1991.<ul><li>Sold as a set of 10.</li><li>Robert Indiana (American, 1928-2018).</li><li>Screen print on Saunders Watercolor paper.</li><li>Signed and numbered in pencil.</li><li>Part of an edition of 50, AP 12.</li><li>Published by Park Granada Editions Tarzana, California.</li><li>Printed by Bob Blanton, Istvan Kosbor, and Tom Little, Brand X Edtions, Ltd. New York.</li><li>Each work is presented unframed.</li></ul> Robert Indiana's (American, 1928-2018), "Hartley Elegies" were a series of 18 paintings Indiana created from 1989-1994. They were inspired by American artist Marsden Hartley's War Motif series, which was dedicated to a young WWI German soldier Karl von Freyburg that Hartley had a romantic relationship with until he perished in the war. These are limited edition prints based on that series. Please note: This item is excluded from complimentary shipping. Shipping quote will be calculated at time of purchase.

The Hartley Elegies: Berlin Series

Four Seasons of HOPE Gold, by <a href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/search?query=Robert+Indiana&amp;pfilters.dateRange=upcoming" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Robert Indiana</a>, 2012.<ul><li>Robert Indiana (American, 1928-2018).</li><li>Cloth bound portfolio including 4 Screenprints on Coventry Rag Vellum;.</li><li>Signed, numbered and dated in pencil.</li><li>Part of an edition of 82, HC.</li><li>Published by American Image Art.</li><li>Each work is presented unframed.</li></ul> Screenprints including the word "HOPE" in multiple colors. With its forward-leaning O, "HOPE" symbolizes perseverance, and pushing ahead toward a brighter future. By American Pop artist Robert Indiana, this series of four screen prints is printed on Coventry Rag Vellum and is signed, numbered, and dated in pencil on each print. Please note: This item is excluded from complimentary shipping. Shipping quote will be calculated at time of purchase.

Four Seasons of HOPE Gold

Amor by <a href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/search?query=Robert+Indiana&amp;pfilters.dateRange=upcoming" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Robert Indiana</a>, 1994.<ul><li>Robert Indiana (American, 1928-1918).</li><li>Aquatint etching on BFK Rives paper.</li><li>Signed, titled, numbered and dated in pencil.</li><li>Part of an edition of 50.</li><li>Published by American Image Editions.</li><li>Printed by Vinalhaven Press, Germany.</li><li>This work is presented unframed.</li></ul> Please note: This item is excluded from complimentary shipping. Shipping quote will be calculated at time of purchase.

Amor

The Jay T. Snider Collection of Benjamin Franklin

(Pennsylvania General Assembly — Benjamin Franklin)

(Pennsylvania General Assembly — Benjamin Franklin) (Group of 38 Pennsylvania Session Acts) Anno Regni Georgii II [...Georgi III]. Regis, Magnae Britanniae, Franciae & Hiberniae ... At a General Assembly of the province of Pennsylvania, begun and holden at Philadelphia. Philadelphia: printed and sold by Benjamin Franklin, [and others], 1739-69. 56 pamphlets, mostly folio (from 275 x 165 to 345 x 215 mm), ranging from 2 to 98 pages. Woodcut Penn family arms to titles, occasional woodcut ornaments and typographic tables in text; the condition varies, with some pamphlets soiled, spotted, and toned, while others are quite fresh and bright, all have been disbound and resewn, professionally conserved with Japanese tissue along the spines, a few pamphlets with additional paper repairs, most notably to the May 1739 pamphlet, infrequent dampstains, edge tears, and creases, most with library stamps and modern pencil annotations to titles, occasional early ink annotations, the collection includes 7 duplicates. Each pamphlet in an archival windowed folder, and the folders are then housed in four large grey cloth clamshell cases with paper labels. An extensive collection that spans thirty years of the acts and laws passed by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, printed by Benjamin Franklin. From 1682 until the beginning of the Revolutionary War, The General Assembly was the main legislative body for the colony of Pennsylvania. Franklin was elected official government printer of both the Session Laws and the Votes and Proceedings of the Assembly in 1730. He continued in this role until 1765, when he sold his remaining shares in his printing business to his longtime partner, David Hall. He also served as clerk for the Assembly from 1736 to 1750, and as an elected member representing Philadelphia from 1751–64, and again in 1773 and 1775. On 26 May, 1764, Franklin was unanimously elected the 25th Speaker of the Assembly, a position he did not hold for long. Later that year, on 11 October, after having proposed a letter to the King requesting a change in the colony's government from proprietorship to a royal charter, he lost his seat in the Assembly. These acts cover a vast array of topics, providing insight into nearly all aspects of civic and private life all throughout the colony. For example, they range from the hyper-specific, like commuting a single prisoner's sentence, to the very broad, such as changes to the colony's judicial system. Included are laws regulating politics, finance, taxation, infrastructure, wildlife, public safety, slavery, and much more. Of particular note are the acts founding two of Pennsylvania's counties, those that deal with colonial relations with American Indians, and a series of laws regulating volunteer militias and commissioned soldiers during the French and Indian War. The creation of two of the charitable institutions that Franklin had a hand in are also represented — the act establishing The Pennsylvania Hospital, together with the system of promissory notes that funded it (see lots 60 and 61), and the act that created the Philadelphia Contributionship, America's first successful fire insurance company (see lot 100), are both included. A list of all the individual sessions, with descriptions of some of their acts, laws, and particularities, follows: Box I: 1 May, 1739: early ownership signature of Robert Dawson, 17397 May, 1744: "An Act for laying an Excise on Wine, Rum, Brandy, and other Spirits"7 March, 1745: Acts "for Erecting Houses of Correction and Work-Houses... to build a Court-House..."9 June, 1746: "An Act for imposing a Duty on Persons Convicted of heinous Crimes, &c"3 May, 1747: "Securing the City of Philadelphia from the Danger of Gunpowder"2 January, 1749: "To Regulate Horse-Jockeys and Dealers in Horses"; "to Encourage the Killing of Squirrels"7 August, 1750: Protecting the citizens of remote Western Lancaster County1 January, 1750: Creation of Cumberland County; prohibiting the importation of too many Germans in a single ship; amending the act to encourage killing squirrels and hunting deer out of season6 August, 17507 January, 1751: Surveying Cumberland County; Suppressing fire, drunkenness, and idleness; Philadelphia nightly watch6 May, 1751: The creation of Pennsylvania Hospital — "An Act to encourage the establishing of an Hospital for the Relief of the Sick Poor of this Province, and for the Reception and Cure of Lunaticks."3 February, 1752: Creation of Berks County; preventing bribery and corruption in the elections of sheriffs and coroners.10 August, 175215 September, 175515 November, 1755: Ordering and regulating volunteer militias,2 January, 1758: Regulating commissioned officers and soldiers.2 January [but apparently April], 1758[May, 1758]: Granting a duty on wine and sugar for supporting the war effort; punishing mutiny and desertion; Lacks title4 September, 17585 February, 1759: "preventing abuses in the Indian trade; for supplying the Indians, friends and allies of Great Britain with goods at more easy rates; and for securing and strengthening peace and friendship lately concluded with the Indians inhabiting the northern and western frontiers of this province." Box II: 2 January [but April], 17588 July, 176330 September, 1763: Erecting a lighthouse on Cape Henlopen, and fixing buoys in the bay and on the Delaware River; Paving the streets of Philadelphia22 October, 1763: Prohibiting the sale of arms to American Indians30 May, 1764: Published during Franklin's short tenure as Speaker of the General Assembly, with Franklin mentioned on p. 35215 February, 1765: Raising a lottery for finishing the construction of St. Peter's and St. Paul's Churches in Philadelphia, and for other Episcopal churches throughout the state; relief for specific persons imprisoned for their debts18 May, 1765: Repairing public roads Box III: 21 May, 1759[After May, 1759]: for recording of warrants and surveys; lacks title11 February, 176014 March, 1761: Regulating waggoners, carters, draymen, and porters in the City of Philadelphia; the preservation of fish in the Delaware, Susquehanna, Lehigh, and Schuylkill rivers; raising, paying, and clothing 300 men to relieve the forts and posts around Pittsburgh; a duty on slaves imported into Pennsylvania23 April, 1761: supplement to the act laying a duty on imported slaves26 September, 176117 February, 1762: suppressing and preventing lotteries,26 March, 17623 May, 17624 March, 1763: Removing "certain nuisances," mostly drunkards and thieves, from Philadelphia; regulating streets, water courses, and sewers in Philadelphia, regulating apprentices in Pennsylvania; repaying those whose Apprentices have joined the militia8 July, 1763: duplicate30 September, 1763: duplicate 22 October, 1763: duplicate 24 March 1764: "For Preventing tumults and riotous assemblies, and for the more speedy and effectual punishing the rioters"; repeal of an earlier law about intestate estates30 May, 1764: duplicate 22 September, 176415 February, 1765: duplicate Box IV: 18 May, 1765: duplicate 21 September, 1765; Allowing Lancaster to raise funds for a night watch, "For the more easy recovery of legacies," a lottery to erect a bridge over Skippack Creek in Philadelphia21 September, 1765; duplicate8 February, 1766: stopping citizens from cutting ropes used by Ferrymen; for employment, relief, and support of Philadelphia's poor; Printed by D. Hall21 February, 1767: to prevent mischief from the increase of vagabonds in Philadelphia; "for the advancement of justice and more certain administration thereof"; Printed by D. Hall, and W. Sellers 20 May, 1967: Raising 20,000 pounds for the support of the province and payment of public debt; appointing wardens for the port of Philadelphia: Printed by William Goddard20 September, 1766: Printed by D. Hall, and W. Sellers26 September, 1767: "Obliging sheriffs and treasurers... and the collector of the duties of tonnage, to give sufficient sureties for the faithful execution of their trust"; Printed by D. Hall, and W. Sellers20 February, 1768: "to remove the persons now settled, and to prevent others from settling, on any lands in the province not purchased of the Indians"; "raising... the sum of three thousand pounds towards removing the present discontent of the Indians, regaining their friendship..."; "An act for the incorporating the Society, known by the name and stile of The Philadelphia Contributionship for the Insuring of Houses from Loss by Fire..."; Printed by D. Hall, and W. Sellers18 February, 1769: various infrastructure and building projects in and around Philadelphia; prosecuting those behind a failed lottery scheme to build a school-house for a High Dutch Reformed Church congregation in Lancaster; a divorce on the grounds of adultery in Lancaster; Printed by D. Hall, and W. Sellers27 May, 1769: Printed by D. Hall, and W. Sellers30 September, 1769: Printed by D. Hall, and W. Sellers REFERENCES Miller 175; 360; 401; 402; 429; 482; 483; 512; 513; 538; 539; 560; 561; 617; 618; 686; 687; 688; 691; 708; 709; 735; 757; 758; 759; 777; 778; 779; 790; 791; 792; 793; 817; 818; 844; 845; 846 PROVENANCE Most from the New York City Bar Association (library stamps and pencil annotations; sold Doyle Auctions, 24 November, 2014)

View 1 of Lot 16: Pennsylvania General Assembly | Session laws spanning thirty years

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