View full screen - View 1 of Lot 3670. An exceptional imperial gilt-inscribed 'luohan' boulder, Mark and period of Qianlong | 清乾隆 御題「第三拔納拔西尊者」入禪山子 《戊寅》《大清乾隆年造》《三》款.

Property from the De An Tang Collection | 德安堂藏玉

An exceptional imperial gilt-inscribed 'luohan' boulder, Mark and period of Qianlong | 清乾隆 御題「第三拔納拔西尊者」入禪山子 《戊寅》《大清乾隆年造》《三》款

Auction Closed

April 9, 12:02 PM GMT

Estimate

2,500,000 - 4,000,000 HKD

Lot Details

Description

Property from the De An Tang Collection

An exceptional imperial gilt-inscribed 'luohan' boulder,

Mark and period of Qianlong

德安堂藏玉

清乾隆 御題「第三拔納拔西尊者」入禪山子

《戊寅》《大清乾隆年造》《三》款


wood stand

21.5 cm

Sotheby's Hong Kong, 27th April 2003, lot 33.


香港蘇富比2003年4月27日,編號33

A Romance with Jade: From the De An Tang Collection, Yongshougong, Palace Museum, Beijing, 2004, cat. no. 33.


《玉緣:德安堂藏玉》,永壽宮,故宮博物院,北京,2004年,編號33

Sotheby's. Thirty Years in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 2003, pl. 369.


《香港蘇富比三十週年》,香港,2003年,圖版369

The inscription on the reverse identifies the figure as the Arhat Vanavasa, image no. 3, and contains the cyclical date wuyin, probably equivalent to 1758. This is followed by a poem describing the scene. The base is inscribed with the reign mark and the characters yin of the cyclical date and san (three) are repeated on the base.


As noted by Jessica Rawson in Chinese Jade. From the Neolithic to the Qing, London, 1995, pp. 409-411, a number of similar jade carvings, each featuring a luohan, or arhat, positioned within a slightly bizarre rock formation, are known, among them an example in the Art Institute of Chicago and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Rawson attributes the vogue for this particular subject to the propagation of woodblock prints in catalogues such as the 18th century Guyu tupu [Illustrated catalogue of ancient jades], or the highly prized rubbings of engravings of the sixteen luohan taken from carvings in the Shengyin Temple which were based on a set of paintings by Ding Guanpeng (1708-71) which themselves were originally based on paintings by Guanxiu (852-912), ibid., pp. 410-411, figs 1 and 2.


山子背面陰刻填金御製文:

於嵌崖中,入大禪定,一切佛魔,弗著本性。

驀問大士,何不示人,無可示者,不如不言。


佛教早於漢代傳入,作為釋迦牟尼的得道尊者,十六羅漢也廣為尊崇,至唐末五代期間演變出十八羅漢之説。乾隆皇帝篤信佛教,對羅漢數目差異也素有鑚研。較傾向支持十六羅漢説法。乾隆二十一年(1756年),他命丁觀鵬以唐代《宣和畫譜》中張玄描述的「世態之相」(即一般世間高僧樣相)風格繪製〈十六應真像〉,並在徴詢章嘉國師意見後,以《欽定同文韻統》自創便利漢、滿、藏,三種語言更準確誦習梵文經咒的「阿哩噶哩字」為各羅漢重新排序和定名。翌二十二年春(1757年),乾隆第二次南巡,於杭州下榻於行宮聖因寺得覧唐末貫休之〈十六羅漢像〉,乾隆帝有感其五官誇張奇特的相貌,正好印証了他一直在文字著錄上對貫休所繪羅漢像的「胡貌梵相」的印象。由此乾隆亦認定這畫是已留傳近千年的唐末作品而加倍珍重,遂於返京前命運往宮中令丁觀鵬摹寫,並親題贊文。陳階晉於〈乾隆南巡與《貫休十六羅漢像》的傳衍〉一文中,認為依據聖因寺貫休十六羅漢像摹寫的十六羅漢形象,正是往後乾隆年間多樣不同素材的羅漢頌讚産物的原點,如不同的玉及青金石羅漢山子,杭州孔廟及北京北海公園妙相亭的佛塔,和十六應真墨等等,詳見《故宮文物月刊》,台北,2017年,卷409,頁50-67。另可參考羅森,《Chinese Jade. From the Neolithic to the Qing》,倫敦,1995年,頁409-411。類例見芝加哥藝術學院或紐約大都會藝術博物館藏例,同上註,圖1-2。


玉匠妙雕第三拔納拔西尊者,石壁陡峭嶙峋、古樹瘤節斑駁,背面陰刻乾隆御製贊文,紀年戊寅(1758年)。羅漢尊者身裹長袍,靠石盤坐,雙手交疊,神態自若。其面相亦附合唐末貫休繪畫十六羅漢像的「龐眉大目」及「朵頤隆鼻」的「胡貌梵相」。