Horace Pippin

American Legion Post 134, West Chester, Pennsylvania (gifted directly from the artist)
Private Collection (acquired from the above in 1965)
Acquired by descent from the above by the present owner

George H. Straley, "General Butler Pleased with Portrait, Especially Way Artist Painted Nose," Daily Local News, 1938
William J. Johnston, "West Chester Post 162," Pippin clippings scrapbook, Robert Carlen Papers, Archives of American Art, 1940
Selden Rodman, Horace Pippin: A Negro Painter in America, New York, 1947, no. 20, p. 13, pl X illustrated (as Major General Smedley D. Butler, 1937)
Sarah J. Wilson, Horace Pippin: A Chester County Artist, West Chester, 1988, vol. 8
Romare Bearden and Harry Henderson, A History of African American Artists from 1792 to the Present, New York, 1993, p. 363
Audrey Lewis, Horace Pippin: The Way I See It, Chadds Ford, 2015, pl. 20, illustrated
Celeste Marie Bernier, Suffering and Sunset: World War I in the Art and Life of Horace Pippin, Philadelphia, 2015, p. 125
Anne Monahan, Isabelle Duvernois and Silvia A. Centeno, "'Working My Thought More Perfectly': Horace Pippin's 'The Lady of the Lake'," The Metropolitan Museum Journal 52, 2017, pp. 104, 107, n2
Katherine Jentleson, Gatecrashers: The Rise of the Self-Taught Artist in America, Oakland, 2020, p. 83
Anne Monahan, Horace Pippin: American Modern, New Haven, 2020, no. 57, pp. 6, 37, 50-51, 67, 118, 120-21, 157, 164-65, 174 and 197, illustrated