GURO OR BETE ARTIST | ANTHROPOMORPHIC SPOON

Paul Guillaume, Paris, by 1914

Alfred Stieglitz, New York (acquired from the above in 1914)

Georgia O'Keeffe, Abiquiu, New Mexico, 1946 (by descent)

By descent to the present owner

"African Savages the First Futurists", The World Magazine, 24 January 1915, illustrated p. 20

Camera Work, Number 48, October 1916, illustrated

Marius de Zayas, Francis M. Naumann (ed.), How, When, and Why Modern Art Came to New York, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1996, illustrated p. 58, fig. 65 (Stieglitz photograph of Statuary in Wood by African Savages: The Root of Modern Art)

Valentine Plisnier, "'Primitivism' in Twentieth Century Photography", Tribal Art, Vol. X:4, No. 41, illustrated p. 80, figs. 5 (Stieglitz photograph of Georgia O’Keeffe) and 5a

Wendy A. Grossman, Man Ray, African Art, and the Modernist Lens, Washington, D.C., and Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2009, illustrated p. 37, fig. 2.6 (Stieglitz photograph of Georgia O’Keeffe) and illustrated p. 38, fig. 2.7

Valentine Plisnier, Le primitivisme dans la photographie. L’impact des arts extra-européens sur la modernité photographique de 1918 à nos jours, Paris, 2012, illustrated pp. 108 and 109 (Stieglitz photograph of Georgia O’Keeffe)

Wendy A. Grossman, "African Art and the Photographic Image: Shaping the Taste for the Modern", Tribal Art (Special Issue No. 3), 2012, illustrated p. 56, figs. 57 (Stieglitz photograph of Georgia O’Keeffe) and 58

Lauren Kroiz, Creative Composites: Modernism, Race, and the Stieglitz Circle, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, 2012, illustrated p. 81, fig. 37 (Stieglitz photograph of Statuary in

Wood by African Savages: The Root of Modern Art)

Patrick Caput and Valentine Plisnier, Arts d’Afrique. Portraits d’une collection, Milan, 2016, illustrated pp. 218 and 225 (Stieglitz photographs of Georgia O’Keeffe)

Yaëlle Biro, Fabriquer le regard. Marchands, réseaux et objets d’art africains à l’aube du XX^e siècle, Paris, 2018, illustrated p. 203, fig. 41 (Stieglitz photograph of Statuary in Wood by African Savages: The Root of Modern Art)

John Warne Monroe, Metropolitan Fetish: African Sculpture and the Imperial French Invention of Primitive Art, Ithaca, New York, 2019, illustrated p. 95, fig. 3.2 (Stieglitz photograph of Statuary in Wood by African Savages: The Root of Modern Art)