JOAQUÍN SOROLLA | JARDÍN DE LOS ADARVES, ALHAMBRA, GRANADA

City Art Museum of St. Louis (acquired in 1911 from the St. Louis Exhibition and sold, Kende Galleries, New York, May 4, 1945, lot 129, illustrated)  

Galería Theo, Madrid (by 1963) 

Galería Biosca, Madrid (by 1968)

Fulgencio Bastista, Madrid (acquired in 1968) 

Private Collection, Spain (by 1990) 

Sale: Sotheby's, New York, November 10, 1998, lot 324, illustrated 

Private Collection, Spain

Sale: Sotheby's, London, November 19, 2001, lot 52, illustrated 

Acquired at the above sale

Bernardino de Pantorba, La Vida y la Obra de Joaquín Sorolla, Madrid, 1970, p. 171, no. 1101

Thomas Llorens, Blanca Pons-Sorolla, María López and Boye Llorens, eds., Sorolla. Gardens of Light, exh. cat., Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara; Museo de Bellas Artes, Alhambra, Granada; Museo Sorolla, Madrid, March 17, 2012-May 5, 2013, p. 210, illustrated (as Garden of the Ramparts, Granada) 

Alexandra Letvin, "Sorolla and 'The New St. Louis'," Sorolla in America: Friends and Patrons, José Luis Colomer, Blanca Pons-Sorolla, and Mark A. Roglán, eds., Dallas, 2015, p. 141-43, illustrated p. 141 

Blanca Pons-Sorolla and Mónica Rodríguez Subirana, SOROLLA, Jardines, Madrid, 2019, p. 100, no. 50

The Art Institute of Chicago; St. Louis, The City Art Museum, Paintings by Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida, 1911, no. 79 (Chicago) and no. 78 (St. Louis)

Madrid, Galería Biosca, Maestros del Impressionismo Español, 1968, no. 60

Granada, Centro de la Fundación Rodriguez Acosta; Valencia, Museo de la Ciudad, Paisajes de Granada de Joaquín Sorolla, May-September, 1997 

Dallas, Meadows Museum; San Diego, The San Diego Museum of Art; Madrid, Fundación Mapfre, Sorolla and America, December 13, 2013-January 11, 2015, no. 66 (lent by the present owner) 

Joaquín Sorolla visited Granada for the first time in 1909, one of the most important years of his career, after he returned from his New York solo exhibition at the Hispanic Society of America and Washington D.C., where he painted President William Howard Taft. Two weeks in November of that year were not enough, and the artist returned in February 1910 for a further two weeks, when he painted Jardín de los Adarves, Alhambra, Granada.

The Alhambra complex dates from the ninth century. A strategic location in the hills above Granada, by the thirteenth century it had been expanded and made a royal residence for the kings of the Nasirid dynasty. The Jardín de los Adarves (Garden of the Ramparts) are so-called because of their location along the parapet walkways by the ramparts under the fortress. These ramparts lead to the Alcazaba, a fortress and one of the oldest sections of the Alhambra. The gardens have some of the best views the Alhambra offers, facing west over the river Darro and Granada.

A tantalizing view to the expanse of sunlit Granada is visible through a doorway just beyond the central fountain. Sorolla employs shadow and light, as well as the verdant protection of trees and vines, to guide the viewer. The path takes you to the Alcazaba, through this deserted and seemingly secret garden. The quiet tranquility provides a moment of respite for the viewer and the artist, who painted gardens as “a refuge from the fatigue produced in him by the social life he was obliged to lead by official commissions, and that is the reason why the human figure is always absent” (Sorolla. Gardens of Light, p. 136).

Jardín de los Adarves, Alhambra, Granada was included in Sorolla’s second American tour, which travelled to Chicago and St. Louis in 1911. Despite being occupied with a number of portrait commissions in Chicago after the exhibition ended, Sorolla made a day trip to St. Louis to approve the installation at The City Art Museum. According to a reporter from the Post-Dispatch, the artist waxed poetic about the city’s beauty, “The air is more beautiful, more clear than in Spain... that so beautiful a city as St. Louis existed in the West, I did not dream... I sigh because of the demands on my time which will not permit me to remain here and paint. I have found such inspiration nowhere outside of my own country. The river alone is worth an artist’s lifetime – such life, such color, such magnificence” (“Sorolla, Great Painter, Finds No Smoke Here,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March 20, 1911, p. 1 as quoted in Letvin, p. 139). The exhibition opened two days later, on March 22nd, and the City Art Museum of St. Louis acquired three paintings, including Jardín de los Adarves, Alhambra, Granada.