A PORTUGUESE SILVER-GILT DRINKING BOWL OR SALVER, UNMARKED, CIRCA 1500, WITH LATER COLD PAINTED COATS-OF-ARMS AND FOOT, CIRCA 1600 |

embossed and chased with two borders comprising twelve scenes of hounds with collars fighting other hounds and attacking wild animals alternating with exotic blooms surmounted by pineapple-type fruit on a ground of scrolling Gothic foliage, centered by a circular glazed disc applied with the armorial achievements of Ernst of Bavaria, tinctured on a red ground, the underside of the body initialed DS below a cross

Ernst of Bavaria, Prince Bishop and Elector of Cologne (1554-1612)
According to the current owners, probably Franz Stephan Rautenstrauch (1734-1773), then by descent in the Rautenstrauch family

Gilding worn at the top of rim and light wear and losses to gilding on the highlights, oxidisation on the back of the dish and around the rim of the coat of arms, generally a good colour, generally a few small dents and normal scratches, but overall good condition
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NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

The series of coats-of-arms on the disc at the centre of this bowl represent the armorial achievement of Ernst of Bavaria. These coats of arms, in the same sequence and including the threaded ribbon and knotted ropework above and below the arms of Bavaria as they appear on the drinking bowl, were included in Missale Romanum ex decreto sacrosanti concili Tridentini restitutem…, printed in Ingolstadt in 1610. A faithful reproduction of this 1610 image which did not include tinctures (armorial colours), is included in J. Siebmacher’s Wappenbuch BISTHÜMER KLÖSTER, Nuremberg, 1881, plate 102 (see image). Ernst of Bavaria was created Bishop of Munster in 1585, making that date the earliest possible year for the addition of the armorial disc to the bowl. It is probably that this transformation, occurred sometime around 1585 and included the addition of its high foot¹, elevating it as a piece of sideboard or alter plate fitting the exalted status of its owner. Ernst of Bavaria was the son of Albert V, Duke of Bavaria and Anna of Austria.  His maternal grandfather and great uncle therefore were Holy Roman Emperors Ferdinand I and Charles V. So many offices were accumulated by prince Ernst, including the electoral see of Cologne, the Bishoprics of Liege, Freising, Munster, Hildesheim, and the Abbeys of Stavelot, -Malmedy as well as possessions from his secular heritage of Westphalia, Bouillon Arnsberg, Logne, Horn, Looz, Franchimont, Engern and the Palatinate, that `with his election to the episcopal throne of Münster he presided over a territory almost as large as the Dutch Provinces’ (David M. Luebke, Hometown Religion: Regimes of coexistence in early modern Westphalia, University of West Virginia, page following footnote 26.)

A Reichsthaler of 1608 minted in Moritzberg in the diocese of Hildesheim, where Prince Ernst was created bishop in 1573, similarly represents his armorial achievement (see for example Auktion Fritz Rudolf Kunker 223, The Popken Collection Berlin, 2013, nr. 391). The coats of arms on the coin are in the same order as on the bowl except that those of the bishops of Munster and Hildesheim have been transposed².

A possible function of this drinking bowl, has been described, on the basis of 16th century documents, by Hugo Miguel Crespo, in At the Prince's table, dining at the Lisbon Court (1500-1700), Lisbon, 2018 pp. 68 et sec. Bowls such as this, were known as taças para salva, or bowls for the ritual of assay or saving, where drink was tested for poison before being offered to the prince. While other items were also used in this ritual, such as washbasins for water, trencher dishes for bread and other food, and spoons for sweet items, the drinking bowl took on the name of the ritual, in the word  Salva or Salver. The royal drink, in a two handled cup, would be brought in by the official cup-bearer, on a bowl such as the present example which also acted as a stand. The cup-bearer would pour some of the liquid into the bowl from the cup and taste it before offering the cup to his master and transferring the bowl to the display cupboard. The bowl is surprisingly effective as a means of pouring for tasting. The highly embossed ornament creates conduits for the liquid to accumulate in one spot and while passing over the plain channel, which is a feature of all bowls of this type, the liquid could be inspected for colour and impurities

The provenance of the bowl following the death of Ernst of Bavaria is unknown, but at some point it became the property of the Rautenstrauch family. Rautenstrauch tradition locates it within the family from at least the 18^th century, probably with Franz Stephan Rautenstrauch (1734-1785) who became abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Břevnov, near Prague, in 1773. He was an important Catholic theologian, jurist and figure of the Enlightenment, whose Synopsis Juris ecclesiasti publici et privati of 1769 which omitted Papal Infallibility and the doctrine of Immaculate Conception, became the yardstick for catholic teaching in Maria Theresa’s Austria. (New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2003, Encylopedia.com)

¹The fluted foot is similar to the original bases of the Aldobrandini Tazzas of 1587-99. See: The Silver Caesars, a Renaissance Mystery, Julia Siemon ed., Metropolitan Museum,  2017, plates 2, 4, 5 etc.

² For this very rare coin see also Manfred Mehl, Die Münzen des Bistums Hildesheim – Der Prägezeitraum 1599 bis 1783’, Hamburg, 2002