- 2
Statue, Fang Ntumu, Gabon
Description
- Fang Ntumu
- Statue
- Wood
- haut. 39 cm
- 15 3/8 in
Provenance
Collection Rousset, Paris
Alain de Monbrison, Paris
Collection Viviane Jutheau, Comtesse de Witt, acquis en mai 1992
Exhibited
Marseille, Centre de la Vieille Charité, Musée d'Arts Africains, Océaniens, Amérindiens, Byery Fang, Sculptures d'ancêtres en Afrique, 6 juin - 6 septembre 1992
Paris, Galerie Ratton-Hourdé, Fang, Juin 2006
Socle de Kichizo Inagaki (1876-1951)
Literature
Perrois, Byéri Fang. Sculptures d'ancêtres en Afrique, 1992, p. 74
Lehuard, "Byéri Fang. Sculptures d'ancêtres en Afrique aux Musées de Marseille" in Arts d'Afrique Noire, n° 83, automne 1992, p. 37
Perrois, Fang, 2006, p. 22
Perrois, Visions d'Afrique. Fang, 2006, p. 27 et 135, n° 27
Condition
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."
Catalogue Note
Aujourd’hui, au-delà du champ des affinités formelles, cette effigie eyema byeri s’impose à nous par la beauté universelle de sa sensible épure. Sublimant les canons du style Ntumu, elle traduit la remarquable harmonie - entre stylisation et naturalisme, tension des courbes et douceur des formes, mouvement et présence immobile - à travers laquelle le sculpteur a livré une vision hautement personnelle de la représentation ancestrale. Son état fragmentaire amplifie tant l’élégance du buste étiré que la portée du geste votif – rendant, par la double coupelle à offrandes, hommage aux esprits des défunts – et celle accordée dans la pensée Fang à la tête, signe de vitalité et de puissance sociale. Dans le visage et selon l’esthétique des Fang Ntumu, le haut front bombé surplombe une face incurvée en cœur, s’achevant dans la discrète avancée de la bouche. Sa prégnance s’affirme dans la grâce du jeu de courbes et l’abstraction du regard absent. Si l’artiste a privilégié la vision frontale de l’œuvre, de profil s’impose l’absolue maîtrise des volumes. Rejetant tout détail anecdotique, l’intensité du geste sculptural formulée dans le mouvement de la coiffe et des bras aboutit à la monumentalité de l’effigie.
Le pouvoir de l’ancêtre s’illustre également dans la surface de la sculpture : « le nombril, le nez et le bas du visage ont été rongés peu à peu par les prélèvements rituels : les organes du souffle de la vie – le nez, la bouche – de même que la marque du lien avec la mère du lignage – le nombril en hernie – ont été des ‘matériaux’ symboliques et magiques très prisés. Mais la qualité plastique de l’objet, par la maîtrise des lignes et des plans, fait oublier ces mutilations : les rites se sont nourris de la beauté des formes sans parvenir à les détruire » (Perrois, Byeri Fang. Sculptures d’ancêtres en Afrique, 1992, p. 140). Demeurent, magistrales, la prodigieuse interprétation sculpturale née de l’imaginaire de son auteur et la beauté, touchant à l'universel, des sculptures d’ancêtres Fang, au cœur de la Collection Viviane de Witt.
Fang Ntumu figure, Gabon
In the early twentieth century the Fang statuary - then known as Pahouin - had a major impact on Western artists' departure from the naturalism of the previous century. In Paris painters had "discovered" Fang figures in the context of ethnographic exhibitions, where Fang statues were displayed as part of a broader colonial narrative. In New York at the same time, the figures became an icon for the reception of the European avant-garde (Biro, « African Art, New York and the Avant-garde », Tribal Art, Special issue No. 3, 2013). As early as 1914 Fang statuary is featured in the exhibition Statuary in wood by African savages: The Root of Modern Art, hosted by Alfred Stieglitz at the 291 Gallery, and three years later in the The Soil magazine. A magazine of Art dedicated a cover to it. In 1933, it stood out alongside the works of André Derain, in an exhibition entitled Andre Derain Paintings and Early African Heads and Statues from the Gabon Pahouin Tribes, hosted by Paul Guillaume at the Durand Ruel Galleries in New York. This statue from the Viviane de Witt collection was one of the thirty Fang pieces loaned by the Parisian dealer and collector. In this context, it symbolized the formal resonances of modern aesthetics, as set later by Alioune Diop: "There is no interpenetration between the consciousness of the artist and that of the European public. The object alone connects them, accidentally" (in Balandier, Afrique ambiguë, 1957).
Today, above and beyond its formal affinities, we stand in awe of the universal beauty of the sensitive, pared-down lines. Sublimating the canons of the Ntumu style to which it relates, this eyema byeri effigy reflects the remarkable harmony - born of the juxtaposition of stylization and naturalism, taut curves and soft outlines, movement and stillness - created by the sculptor to deliver a highly personal vision of ancestral representation. Its fragmentary state amplifies both the elegance of the elongated bust and the full scope of the votive gesture - with the double cup used for offerings marking a tribute to the spirits of the dead - as well as the significance of the head, which, for the Fang, is a sign of vitality and social power. As to its facial features, and in accordance with Fang Ntumu aesthetics, the high domed forehead overhangs a curved, heart-shaped face, tapering into a projecting mouth. The full effect of its presence is felt in the graceful interplay of curves and the abstraction of the absent gaze. Although the artist has favoured the frontal view of the work, in profile the absolute command of the piece's volumes is manifest. Rejecting any anecdotal detail, the intensity of the sculptural gesture, articulated in the motion of the coiffe and of the arms, results in the monumentality of the effigy.
The power of the ancestor is also reflected in the surface of the sculpture: "The navel, the nose and the lower part of the face were gradually eaten away, as they were chipped at to be used in rituals. The organs associated with the breath of life - nose and mouth - as well as the symbol of the link with the mother's lineage - protruding navel - were much sought after symbolic and magical "materials". But the aesthetic quality of the piece, marked by an absolute command of the planes and curves, transcends these mutilations: rituals fed on the beauty of the forms but failed to destroy them" (Perrois, Byeri Fang. Sculptures d’ancêtres en Afrique, 1992, p. 140). The prodigious sculptural interpretation born of its author's imagination remains a unique, masterly display, as well as the beauty - touching on the Universal - of Fang ancestor sculptures, at the heart of the Viviane de Witt Collection.