- 109
Masque en cuir d'éléphant, Lega, République Démocratique du Congo
Description
- Lega
- Masque en cuir d'éléphant
- African Elephant's leather (loxodonta africana)
- haut. 24,5 cm
- 9 2/3 in
Provenance
Collection Dr. Kummert, Francfort, acquis ca. 1968
Transmis par descendance
Catalogue Note
Selon Daniel Biebuyck (in Tervuren, ibid., p. 377, et in Leloup, 1994, p. 180), leur très grande rareté – comparée aux autres types de masques utilisés par les Lega dans le cadre de l'association du Bwami – s'expliquerait par leur appartenance exclusive à l'association elanda des Bembe voisins, partagée par seulement quelques groupes Lega orientaux. Ces masques en cuir étaient à l'origine ornés de plumes et parfois d'un assemblage d'épines de porc-épic, fixés aux trous ponctuant le pourtour. "Très secrets", ils étaient utilisés par les initiés de haut grade de l'association elanda, portés sur le visage et visibles seulement à travers une cloison de la maison d'initiation ; différant dans leur rôle des masques du Bwami, ils "métamorphosent le porteur en créature spirituelle pour amplifier ses fonctions de contrôle social" (ibid.).
À la modernité de la conception – en deux dimensions – s'ajoute ici le remarquable expressionnisme du visage et des traits aux contours incertains, accentué par la surface tourmentée du cuir quasi fossilisé. Son évident archaïsme l'inscrit vraisemblablement comme le plus ancien du corpus.
Lega elephant hide mask, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ancient elephant-skin Lega masks are extremely rare. The corpus is limited to a few pieces, including the mask from the former Jef Vanderstraete collection (Biebuyck, 2002, p. 115), the one kept at the Tervuren Museum (Tervuren, 1995, No. 209) and the one from the Shoher collection, acquired in situ by Nicolas de Kun between 1948 and 1960 (Sotheby's, New York, 11 May 2012, No. 200).
According to Daniel Biebuyck (in Tervuren, ibid, p. 377, and in Leloup, 1994, p. 180), their extreme rarity - compared to other types of masks also used by the Lega as part of the Bwami association - is due to their belonging exclusively to the Elanda association, an institution of the neighbouring Bembe, shared only by a few Eastern Lega groups. These leather masks were originally decorated with feathers, and sometimes a set of porcupine quills fixed into the holes dotting their edges. They were "highly secret" and used by high-ranking initiates of the Elanda association, worn over their faces and only seen through a wall of the initiation house. Their roles were different from that of Bwami masks: they "transform the wearer into a spiritual being to amplify the social control functions vested in him" (ibid).
In this piece, the modern aspect of the two-dimensional design is compounded by the remarkable expressionism of the face and of the features, with their uneven edges. This expressive quality is exacerbated by the rugged surface of almost fossilized leather. Its obvious archaism doubtlessly marks it out as the most ancient specimen within the corpus.