- 107
Statue d'ancêtre, Style de Yambula, Hemba, République Démocratique du Congo
Description
- Hemba
- Statue d'ancêtre, Style de Yambula
- Wood
- haut. 61 cm
- 24 in
Provenance
Jacques Kerchache, Paris
Marc Eisenberg, Paris, acquis en 1973
Bernard de Grunne, Bruxelles, acquis en 2002
Collection Buchmann, Suisse (cf. lots 51, 89 et 106)
Exhibited
Literature
Buchmann, Culture Myth Africa, 2009, p. 40-45
Condition
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."
Catalogue Note
Choisie par François Neyt pour évoquer (p. 35) l’histoire complexe de la chefferie et de ses liens avec ses voisins Niembo, cette œuvre illustre remarquablement à la fois l’individualité de ce style, et l’influence de l’aire nucléale Niembo. A la définition du style – « taille moins douce dans la conception de l’œuvre, simplification des lignes » (p. 438) – répond ici l’interprétation du maître-sculpteur. Son talent se traduit dans la force des volumes corporels résumés à leur dynamique essentielle (plan épannelé des épaules, accentuation des points de rupture) et de la tête, dont le plan incliné des joues augmente l’intensité des traits resserrés. S’impose dès lors la sensibilité du visage, reflétant dans la tension des lignes et la délicatesse des modelés, la beauté et l’harmonie propre aux grands styles des Niembo méridionaux. La majestueuse coiffure quadrilobée, dont le mouvement s’étire sur la nuque, s’achève au plan dorsal par des tresses repliées selon un motif cruciforme, caractéristique.
Selon la plastique archétypale de l’art Hemba, l’harmonie du visage, associée à l’équilibre de la pose expriment « la stabilité de l’ancêtre veillant sur son lignage, les mains posées de part et d’autre du ventre, source de vie » (Neyt inSotheby’s, 16 juin 2010, p. 94). Si l’identité du chef que cette effigie commémorait est aujourd’hui perdue, elle visait, comme l’ensemble de la grande statuaire Hemba, à perpétuer la mémoire de la personnalité qu’elle honorait. Conservées dans des édicules funéraires, ou dans la maison du chef de famille ou du lignage, les statues d’ancêtre constituaient les jalons d’une généalogie propre à chaque clan Hemba, remontant parfois jusqu’à quinze générations.
cf. Neyt (idem, p.156-157, IV, n°1 et p. 158-159, n° IV, n°2) pour une statue conservée au Rietberg Museum (Zurich, inv. n° R.A.C. 125) et celle de la collection De Maeyer (Anvers), collectée dans le village de Sihulu, "vraisemblablement du même atelier, sinon du même sculpteur".
Hemba ancestor figure, Yambula Style, Democratic Republic of the Congo
In his authoritative book on Hemba statuary, La grande statuaire Hemba du Zaïre (1977), François Neyt defines eleven main styles on the basis of morphological criteria and associates them with the various Hemba clans. He identifies this sculpture with the Yambula style, the chiefdom of which was established south of the Luika (Neyt, 1977, p. 160-161, no. IV-3).
Chosen by François Neyt to illustrate (ibid., p. 35) the complex history of this chiefdom and its relationship with its Niembo neighbours, the offered lot is a remarkable example both of the individuality of the Yambula style and of the influence of the Niembo area. The definition of the Yambula style - "less smoothness in the design of the piece and a simplification of the outlines" (p. 438) - is evident in this work by a master sculptor. His talent is expressed in the force of the body's features, pared down to their essentials (the flattened plane of the shoulders, and the emphasis on the breaking points of the planes) and in the head, where the inclined plane of the cheeks increases the intensity of the compact facial features. The sensitivity of the face is highlighted by the tense lines and delicate contours which are characteristic of the beauty and harmony of the great southern Niembo styles. The majestic quadrilobed coiffure which stretches down the nape of the neck is plaited together in the characteristic cruciform pattern.
In archetypal Hemba figures the harmonious expression of the face and the standing pose show "the stability of the ancestor watching over his lineage, with his hands on either side of his belly, the source of life" (Neyt in Sotheby’s, 16 June 2010, p. 94). Although the identity of the Chief which this effigy commemorates is now lost, it was created, like all other examples of Hemba statuary, to perpetuate the memory of the person it honoured. Kept in funeral shrines or in the home of the head of the family or lineage, ancestor figures were genealogical milestones specific to each Hemba clan and sometimes went back fifteen generations.
cf. Neyt (ibid, p.156-157, IV, No.1 and p. 158-159, n° IV, No.2) for a figure in the Rietberg Museum (Zurich, inv. n° R.A.C. 125) and another in the De Maeyer Collection (Antwerp), collected in the village of Sihulu, which "probably comes from the same workshop, if not the same sculptor".