- 104
Statue, Moswea-Ngombe, Village de Bosolimbongo, Aire culturelle de l’Ubangui, République Démocratique du Congo
Description
- Statue, Moswea-Ngombe, Village de Bosolimbongo, Aire culturelle de l’Ubangui
- wood, mother of pearl (non-cites)
- haut. 36,5 cm
- 14 1/3 in
Provenance
Collection privée, Suisse
Pierre Dartevelle, Bruxelles
Collection privée, Bruxelles
Collection privée
Exhibited
Literature
Grootaers, Ubangi, Art and cultures from African Heartland, 2007, p. 6, 44 et 112
Neyt, Fleuve Congo, 2010, p. 202, n°137
Condition
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."
Catalogue Note
De cette « esthétique de la force », évoquée par Georges Meurant dans Ubangui (Grootaers, 2007) pour caractériser un art dont le rythme « fait surgir l’inconnu plutôt qu’il n’ordonne le connu », cette œuvre constitue le paradigme. Photographiée in situ vers 1952-1953 par l’anthropologue américain Alvin Wolfe, elle provient du village de Bosolimbongo – enclave formée par les Ngombe, ou plus précisément les Moswea-Ngombe, seul groupe de langue Bantou demeuré au cœur de cette région soudanique. Les Ngombe étant en général dépourvus de tradition sculpturale, ce groupe septentrional n’est connu que par un unique sculpteur – et "spécialiste de la forêt" (molombe o sika) : Bosokuma. A l’origine de cette expression jusqu’alors inédite chez les Ngombe se situe précisément cette œuvre, que Bosokuma dénomme Midwa, et dont il dit qu'elle lui fut « offerte dans sa jeunesse, dans un rêve, par l’esprit de son père » (Wolfe in Man, 1955, vol. 55, p. 66).
« En préparation à une chasse, toutes les "médecines" portables étaient sorties de la maison de Bosokuma et disposées sur l’autel (…). Les figurines, souvent au nombre de trois – un homme, une femme et un enfant – sont ointes d’huile de palme et disposées avec soin à la base de l’autel. […] Bosokuma commence à chanter et à danser. Occasionnellement il choisit l’une de ces sculptures et danse en la tenant dans ses bras, comme une mère tient un enfant, avant d’entrer en transe et d’imiter, à genoux, un éléphant à l’agonie» (Wolfe, idem).
Bosokuma est l'auteur de presque toutes les statues magico-religieuses identifiées comme Moswea-Ngombe, nommées bana ba bole : "enfants de médecine " et utilisées pour l'aider à obtenir des chasses fructueuses. Cependant, l’origine – primordiale - de celle-ci, « offerte dans un rêve » (cf. supra), demeure énigmatique. Tandis que la patine très profonde, mise en valeur par les onctions successives, atteste son ancienneté, cette œuvre s’impose également comme la plus aboutie du corpus. A la puissance des volumes à la fois amples et ramassés, contenus par le mouvement des bras repliés sur le torse et par une succession de plans épannelés, répond la prégnance d’un visage réinventé, où « la patine sombre renforce la vision extatique des yeux en nacre » (Neyt, 2010, p. 196).
Selon Grootaers (idem, p. 42), "Son style [de même que la coiffure à sillons parallèles et la scarification médiane hachurée] suggère une origine Mbanza ou Banda et atteste de la circulation des objets rituels, même en dehors du contexte des associations fermées". Se révèle dès lors, dans la variété et la cohérence de ses expressions les plus remarquables, tout le génie créatif de la saisissante statuaire de l'Ubangui.
Moswea-Ngombe figure, Bosolimbongo village, Ubangi cultural area, Democratic Republic of the Congo
In 2007, the exhibition dedicated to the Ubangi region held at the Berg en Dal museum and the accompanying book revealed that beyond the diverse expressions of Ubangi art there lies a singular force and profound homogeneity. Within the creative dynamics common to this vast ethnic mosaic (spread over the territories of the Central African Republic, northern Democratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan), the offered figure stands out as one of the most striking examples in the corpus, remarkable both for its aesthetic quality and for its history.
This work is the paradigm of the "aesthetics of force" mentioned by Georges Meurant in Ubangi (Grootaers, 2007) to characterize an art which "brings out the unknown rather than bringing order to what is known". Photographed in situ around 1952-1953 by American anthropologist Alvin Wolfe, the offered figure originally came from the village of Bosolimbongo, an Ngombe enclave or, more accurately, a Moswea-Ngombe enclave, the only Bantu language group to remain at the heart of a Sudanic region. The Ngombe did not generally have a sculptural tradition, and they are known only for one sculptor, a "forest specialist" (molombe o sika) called Bosokuma. The offered figure is the reason why this creative form, previously unheard of amongst the Ngombe, exists. Bosokuma named rhis figure Midwa and said it had been "his father's spirit had given [it to] him in a dream, saying that its name was Midwa." (Wolfe in Man, 1955, vol. 55, p. 65).
"In preparation for a hunt, all the "movable medicines" were brought out of Bosokuma's house and placed on the altar (...). The figurines, which often came in threes - a man [this one], a woman and a child - are anointed with palm oil and carefully arranged at the base of the altar. […] Bosokuma starts to sing and dance. Occasionally he chooses one of these sculptures and dances while holding it in his arms, like a mother holding a child, before entering a trance and kneeling to imitate the dying of an elephant" (Wolfe, ibid).
Bokosuma is the sculptor of almost all magical and religious statues identified as Moswea-Ngombe. His figures were known as bana ba bole, meaning "children of medicine", and were used to help achieve successful hunts. However the origin of this statue "offered in a dream" remains a mystery. Whilst the deep patina, enhanced by successive anointings, attests to its antiquity, this sculptural quality of the figure also mark it out as the most accomplished within the corpus. The volumes, which are ample yet concentrated, are contained by the folded arms and a succession of flattened planes. They echo the striking presence of the face where the "dark patina emphasizes the ecstatic vision of the pearly eyes". (Neyt, 2010, p. 196).
According to Grootaers (ibid, p. 42), the style of this figure, such as the parallel grooves of the coiffure and the hatched scarification pattern "suggests Mbanza or Banda origins and attest to the circulation of ritual objects, even outside the context of closed associations". The full extent of the creative genius displayed in the striking sculpture of the Ubangi complex is therefore revealed in both the variety and the consistency of its most outstanding sculptures.