Lot 22
  • 22

Masque, Bété/Guro, Côte d'Ivoire

Estimate
120,000 - 180,000 EUR
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Description

  • Masque, Bété/Guro
  • haut. 28 cm
  • 11 in

Provenance

Philippe Guimiot, Bruxelles
Merton D. Simpson, New York
Collection privée

Literature

Arts d'Afrique Noire, Automne 1994, n° 91 : 63

Condition

Please refer to the department, + 33 1 53 05 52 67, alexis.maggiar@sothebys.com
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

Catalogue Note

Ce masque s'impose, dans la tension des lignes et l'acuité des formes, comme l'un des plus remarquables témoins d'un corpus très restreint - attribué aux Guro ou identifié comme Bété-Guro.

La dizaine de masques composant ce corpus relève d'un style ancien - disparu trop tôt pour être étudié in situ - comptant parmi les plus pointus des arts de la Côte d'Ivoire. "La prestance de dignitaires dans la force de l'âge" perçue dans ce corpus par Anne-Marie Bouttiaux (2009 : 87), leur association par Ariane Deluz à la société du Gyé (in AFAA, 1989 : 131) et le fer rituel conservé ici au sommet du front, permettent néanmoins de les interpréter comme de puissants attributs du pouvoir. 

Les quelques indications de collecte autorisent à situer leur origine géographique dans la partie méridionale du pays Guro, au sud de la route conduisant de Bouaflé à Daloa, autrement dit à la limite du pays Bété (Deluz in AFAA, 1989 : 131). C'est aussi de cette région que provient la très rare statuaire Bété (Sotheby's, Paris, 5 décembre 2007, n° 9, statue de la collection Brian et Diane Leyden, aujourd'hui exposée au pavillon des Sessions, musée du Louvre), dont la tradition s'est éteinte avec la conquête coloniale.

Les emprunts mutuels entre ces deux anciennes traditions sculpturales (Bété et Guro) - soulignés par Tauxier (1924 : 207 et 237) puis par Fischer et Himmelheber (1985 : 228) - reflètent ici la quintessence du style. D'un trait minimaliste, les lèvres se resserrent autour des dents taillées en pointe, tandis que la tension du profil sinueux et des nervures ceignant la face et traversant le front, renforcent l'intensité du geste. 

Parmi les témoins les plus remarquables de ce corpus figurent en particulier le masque provenant de l'ancien fonds du musée des Colonies, aujourd'hui exposé au musée du quai Branly (Meauzé, 1967 : 170) et célébré depuis sa première publication en 1966 comme l'un des chefs-d'œuvre des arts de la Côte d'Ivoire, et trois masques auxquels celui-ci s'apparente très étroitement : l'exemplaire du British Museum de Londres (inv. Af1951, 34.1), celui provenant de l'ancienne collection Duponchel, collecté par le Dr Bouffard en 1904 (Utotumbo, 1988, n° 65), et enfin le masque collecté avant 1910 par Amédée Henri Faivre, aujourd'hui conservé au Rietberg Museum de Zürich (Sotheby's, 5 décembre 2007, n° 34).

Bete-Guro mask, Ivory Coast

This mask stands out, through the tension of its outline and the sharpness of its forms, as one of the most remarkable pieces from among a very small corpus - attributed to the Guro or identified as Bete-Guro.

The ten or so masks that comprise in this corpus are part of an ancient style - that disappeared too early to be studied
in situ and which is one of the most distinctive of the arts of the Ivory Coast. "The imposing presence of dignitaries in their prime" perceived in this corpus by Anne-Marie Bouttiaux (2009 : 87), their link to the Gyé society, posited by Ariane Deluz ( in AFAA, 1989 : 131) and the ritual iron that is preserved here at the top of the forehead, can nevertheless lead to their identification as attributes of power. 

The few indications gathered from the collection histories of these masks lead to their geographical origin being placed in the southern part of the Guro country, south of the road that leads from Bouaflé to Daloa, that is, at the border with the Bete country (Deluz
in AFAA, 1989: 131). This is also the region where the very rare Bete statuary originates (cf. Sotheby's, Paris, 5 December 2007, for the Bete statue from the Brian and Diane Leyden collection, now held at the Pavillon des Sessions, Louvre museum), the tradition of which died out with the colonial conquests.

The mutual exchanges between these two ancient sculptural traditions - as noted by Tauxier (1924: 207 and 237) followed by Fischer and Himmelheber (1985: 228) - are visible in this quintessential creation of the style. The lips meet the sharpened teeth in a minimalist line, while the tension of the curved outline of the face and the grooves that adorn the face and forehead enhance the intensity of the movement of the head.

Amongst the most remarkable pieces in the corpus are the mask now on display at the Musée du Quai Branly (Meauzé, 1967: 170) and hailed since its first unveiling in 1966 as one of the masterpieces of the art of the Ivory Coast, and three masks that resemble this one very closely: one in the British Museum (inv. Af1951, 34.1), one formerly in the Duponcheel collection, collected by Dr Bouffard in 1904 (
Utotumbo, 1988,, n° 65), and finally the mask collected in 1910 by Amédée Henri Faivre, now held at the Rietberg Museum (Sotheby's, 5 December 2007, n° 34).