Lot 101
  • 101

Superbe statue, Vili, République Démocratique du Congo

Estimate
120,000 - 170,000 EUR
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Description

  • Vili
  • Superbe statue
  • haut. 26,5 cm
  • 10 1/2 in

Provenance

Acquise par le collectionneur, archéologue et préhistorien Bernard Bottet avant 1940
Collection Bernard et Bertrand Bottet, Nice
Guy Loudmer, Paris, 23-24 juin 1995, n°63
Pierre Dartevelle, Bruxelles
Philippe Guimiot, Bruxelles
Collection privée

Condition

Please refer to the department - + 33 1 53 05 53 39, kristen.lefevre@sothebys.com
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

Catalogue Note

Le personnage impose par son double geste, par sa parure (coiffe, bracelets), ses attributs (coffre, reliquaire ventral, charges magico-religieuses), et par la majesté de la tête, à la fois l'importance de son rang et celle - remarquable -, de l'œuvre dans le corpus des statues nkisi.

Son statut est indiqué par la calotte finement tissée de motifs géométriques, dont le port était réservé aux chefs (mpu). Le double geste : main droite posée sur le menton, jambe droite repliée et posée sur l'autre, confirme l'importance de son rang. Dans la pensée Kongo, la tête appuyée sur la main (bunzama), symboliserait la pensée : "c'est le signe que la personne réfléchit avant de parler. Telle est la figure du chef idéal" (Thompson in Dapper, 2002 : 92). De surcroît, si le geste d'une seule jambe croisée sur l'autre est rare, il s'apparente à celui de la représentation assise, jambes croisées, représentant selon Thompson (idem), "un signe de grande honorabilité". Enfin, le coffre sur lequel il est assis pourrait, selon Lehuard (1989, I : 67 et 128), faire référence à la "châsse, sorte de trône aux reliques familiales ou claniques, confiée aux chefs investis".

Ces signes de dignité, ajoutés à l'importance des charges - reliquaire ventral, petites cornes et amulettes portées en collier -, permettent de l'identifier comme le portrait d'un chef très important, auquel sa famille rendait hommage et demandait d'intercéder en sa faveur. En effet, selon Bastian (1896 : 369), les riches familles faisaient parfois sculpter une statuette pour honorer l'un de ses membres exceptionnels.

A l'importance de sa signification répond l'exceptionnel traitement sculptural, tant dans le rendu de la pose - que le reliquaire ventral ne dissimule pas - que dans la prégnance de la tête au volume remarquable. La sensibilité des traits charnus finement modelés est mise en valeur par la profonde patine brune, nuancée, tandis que la force de l'expression est rendue par les grands yeux en verre aux pupilles marquées de l'intérieur. Selon Philippe Guimiot (certificat, 3 décembre 1998), ce chef-d'œuvre d'un remarquable sculpteur Vili du XIXe siècle, peut être considéré comme l'un des plus beaux exemplaires de ce style majeur de l'art africain.

cf. Lehuard (1989 I : 229, n° D3-2-3 et 280, n° D15-1-2) pour deux statues apparentées, la première conservée au Musée royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren ; et Dapper (1987, fig. 218) pour une autre, de qualité et de sensibilité comparables.  

Superb vili figure, Democratic Republic of the Congo

A remarkable example within the corpus of nkisi figures, this figure represents a high-ranking individual, as demonstrated by the majestic appearance of his head and his distinctive pose, his finely woven cap with geometric motifs, and the abdominal reliquary and magico-religious charges which adorn the body.

The figure's high status is also evident in the carriage of the head (known as mpu, and reserved solely for chiefs), and by the ornaments worn on the arms and the ears. The gestures of right hand on his chin and right leg bent and resting on the other leg confirms the importance of the figure's rank.  In the Kongo belief system,  the head resting on the hand (bunzama) is "a sign that the person is thinking before speaking. This is the figure of an ideal leader" (Thompson in Dapper, 2002 : 92). Moreover,  the rare gesture of one leg crossed over the other is similar to seated representations with crossed legs,  which according to Thompson (ibid) are "a sign of great standing". Finally, the chest on which the figure sits could, according to Lehuard (1989, I : 67 & 128), refer to the "shrine, a sort of throne of family or clan relics which was entrusted to chiefs."

These signs of dignity, coupled with the importance of the abdominal relics and the horns and the amulets worn around the neck allow one to identify this as a portrait of a very important leader, to whom his family wished to pay tribute and ask for intercedence on his behalf.  According to Bastian (1896:369), wealthy families would sometimes have a statue carved to honour an exceptional member of the family.

The symbolic importance of the offered figure is complimented by the exceptional quality of the sculpture, both in the rendering of the pose and in the power and remarkable volume of the head. The sensitivity of the finely modelled features is highlighted by the deep brown, nuanced patina, whilst the large glass eyes convey a powerful expression. According to Phillipe Guimiot (certificate, December 3rd 1998), this masterpiece, the work of a remarkable 19th century Vili sculptor, can be considered as one of the most beautiful examples of this important style of African art.

cf. Lehuard (1989 I : 229, n° D3-2-3 et 280, n° D15-1-2) for two related statues, the first in the Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, and Dapper (1987, fig. 218) for a second figure of comparable sensitivity and quality.