Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Makkot, Venice: Daniel Bomberg, 1520

Folio (13¾ x 9 in.; 350 x 228 mm). collation: 1-2^{8, 310, 42=28 leaves, woodcut initial word panel; last three leaves supplied in photocopy; lower outer corners clipped; mended tears on title, f. 17 mended in gutter margin. Half vellum.}

Isaac ben Elijah—his name within initial word panel f. 2

Vinograd, Venice 25; Habermann 24

Folio (13¾ x 9 in.; 350 x 228 mm). collation: 1-28, 310, 42=28 leaves, woodcut initial; lacking last three leaves which are supplied in photocopy; lower outer corners clipped; mended tears on title, leaf 17 mended in gutter margin. Half vellum.
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Makkot (flagellation) is the fifth tractate in the order Nezikin, and is a continuation of the preceding tractate Sanhedrin, which also deals with judicial punishments administered by the courts. In its three chapters, Makkot deals with three separate topics; the first chapter discusses the laws of conspiring witnesses ('edim zomemim) and the kind of testimony that constitutes such plotting; when such witnesses are punishable by the sentence they intended the court to impose upon the accused, and when their punishment is merely flogging. Chapter two contains an exhaustive treatment of circumstances under which an inadvertent murderer is banished to a city of refuge while chapter three gives a list of offenses for which the penalty is flogging and discusses whether flogging is incidental to offenses punishable by death. It also describes in detail the imposition of the penalty.