- 157
Puissante statue, Kongo, République Démocratique du Congo
Description
- Kongo
- Puissante statue
- haut. 51,5 cm
- 20 1/4 in
Provenance
Johann Levy, Paris
Collection privée, France
Literature
African Tribal Sculpture from the Collection of Ernst and Ruth Anspach, 1967 : 16, catalogue de l'exposition, The Museum of Primitive Art, New York, 1967
Condition
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."
Catalogue Note
Le visage aux traits anguleux et le corps bréviforme, ajoutés au dessin des dents limées permettent d'attribuer cette puissante statue Kongo à un sculpteur Yombé ou Vili.
Les peuples Kongo (auxquels se rattachent les Yombé et les Vili) partagent la tradition des sculptures nkisi-nkondi (fétiches à clous). La présence d'éléments métalliques fichés dans les nkisi est mentionnée dès 1686 par Dapper (1686: 336). Ceux de dimension importante - comme ici - appartiennent soit à la communauté, qui les utilise lors de prestation de serments ou de la formulation de vœux, soit au clan et au lignage (chaque élément métallique matérialisant l'action pour laquelle il est intervenu), le plus souvent dans un but de protection (Felix, 1995 : 67 et 125).
La pose du personnage contribue au pouvoir de protection qui lui était attribué. En effet, selon Thompson (in Dapper, 2002 : 37, 74), cette pose, appelée telema lwimbanganga, est celle adoptée par la noblesse Kongo et par les devins, en signe d'autorité absolue. Tandis que les yeux sertis de verre sont censés augmenter la clairvoyance, la langue tirée, signifiant la colère et la conjuration, ajoutent à l'intention d'effrayer les forces malveillantes.
Parmi le corpus des statues nkisi-nkondi réalisées par les sculpteurs Yombé et leurs voisins Vili, celle-ci se distingue par la puissance du corps aux volumes ramassés et du visage aux traits anguleux, et par l'épaisse croûte blanche qui la recouvre. Sa grande ancienneté est attestée par les couches superposées d'enduit de kaolin, et la profonde patine du bois, visible sur les bras.
A powerful Kongo figure, Democratic Republic of the Congo
The angular features of the face, the filed teeth, and the squat 'breviform' body all suggest that this powerful Kongo figure is the work of a Yombe or Vili carver.
The Kongo people share the tradition of nkisi-nkondi figures (nail fetishes) with the Yombe and neighbouring Vili. The presence of metal elements driven into the nkisi is mentioned by Dapper as far back as 1686 (1686: 336). Figures of important size, such as the example offered here, either belonged to the community, which used them when taking oaths or drawing up vows, or to the clan or lineage (each piece of metal added to the figure bringing to pass a particular action), usually for a protective purpose (Felix, 1995: 67 and 125).
The character's pose contributes to its protective power. According to Thompson (in Dapper, 2002: 37, 74), this pose, known as telema lwimbanganga, was the same as that adopted by Kongo soothsayers and nobility as a sign of their absolute authority. The figure's inset glass eyes are supposed to increase perspicacity, while the sticking out tongue signifies anger, and is intended to frighten off evil forces.
Among the corpus of nkisi-nkondi figures made by Yombé and Vili carvers, this example is distinguished by the squat, powerful volumes of the body, the angular features of the face, and the thick white crust covering the figure. Its great age is attested to by the build up of layers of kaolin and the deep patina of the wood, which is visible on the arms.