Gold 'Tudor Rose' pendant-brooch, Carlo Guiliano, circa 1870

The Tudor Rose, the national flower of England, was created by Henry Tudor at the end of the Wars of the Roses after winning the crown of England from Richard III in battle. The symbol is actually a conjoining of the red rose of Lancaster, which was Henry's family, and the white rose of York, the family of his defeated rival and his wife Elizabeth of York. The symbolic use of the rose is said to have evolved from a Greek myth. Aphrodite presented a rose to her son Eros, god of love who, in turn, gave the rose to Harpocrates, the god of silence, in order that he not speak of his mother's indiscretions. The rose became the emblem of secrecy and in the middle ages could often be found suspended from the ceiling of a council chamber, giving rise to the phrase 'sub rosa'. 

The use of granulation in the center of this brooch suggests that it was made prior to Giuliano's move to Piccadilly in 1874.