Western Manuscripts

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Lot 48
  • 48

Three-volume Bible, in Latin, with the prologues attributed to Saint Jerome, illuminated manuscript on vellum

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Description

593 leaves, 490mm. by 344mm., in three volumes, lacking one leaf at the end of volume I (re-copied in the eighteenth century), else complete, collation: (a) volume I, i-xxiii10, xxiv6 [of 10, lacking vii, viii-x cancelled], foliated in the fifteenth century (omitting 189 and therefore reaching 237 by the end, instead of 236), (b) volume II, i-ii12, iii10, iv-xiv12, xv9 [of 10, x cancelled], foliated in the fifteenth century to 132 only, (c) volume III, i-xv12, xvi2 [added in the fifteenth century], foliated in the fifteenth century to 7 only, mostly with catchwords and separate runs of signatures for each volume, some alphabetical leaf signatures in black, red or blue ink, double column, ruled in plummet, Volume I, 36 lines, written-space 322mm. by 217mm., Volume II, 38 lines, written-space 303mm. by 217mm., Volume III, 37-38 lines, written-space 312-325mm. by 217mm., second leaves beginning ‘unde et’, ‘filii sephetia’ and ‘tuis Qui’ respectively, written by more than one scribe in a handsome large gothic bookhand beginning below the top ruled line, mostly using the punctus flexus in Volumes II-III, headings in red, running-titles and chapter numbers in alternately red and blue lombardic capitals with flourishes, 2-line chapter initials throughout alternately red and blue with very fine penwork infilling and full-length penwork extensions in both colours, fifty-nine very large illuminated initials in very elaborate designs in lush spirals and leaf-bursts in many colours and delicate white tracery infilled with highly burnished gold, the initials mostly 6 lines high (i.e., about 55mm.) but three of them 9 lines high, one 10-line (Volume I, fol.137r), seven of them comprising letters ‘I’ extending far up and down the margins (Volume II, fols.51v and 117v, and Volume III, fols.15r, 20r, 28r, 144r and 146v), the initials often including or partly formed of dragons or birds, sometimes with half-length figures with dragon tails playing a stringed instrument with a bow (Volume I, fol.137r, and Volume II, fol.147v), beating a drum for animals (Volume II, fol.93v) or playing the bagpipes (Volume I, fol.109v, and Volume III, fol.150v), others fighting lions with swords or clubs (Volume III, fols.11r and 145r), dressed as a bishop (Volume II, fol.51v), etc., seventy-eight very large historiated initials in brilliant colours and very highly burnished gold, the initials mostly 9 to 10 lines high in Volume I and mostly 8-line in Volumes II-III, two 7-line, one 5-line, much taller when the initials are ‘I’ (one 16-line, three 17-line, two 18-line, one 19-line, one 20-line and one 24-line, Volume III, fol.63r, the Genesis initial in Volume I the full height of the page), most initials with further marginal extensions on panel grounds, the text carefully corrected, many contemporary notes and careful additions and erasures, other later medieval notes including “Transi” and “”Lege” and corrected headings and chapter numbers, several alternative prologues added in the fifteenth century on a bifolium at the end of Volume III, some thumbing, some large initials smudged and rubbed, occasional flaking of burnished gold, a few stains, some pages creased, some horizontal marginal cuts without loss, other wear and dust stains but mostly in very fine condition with sparkling gold and wide margins often preserving the prickings, nineteenth-century English russia preserving sides of seventeenth- or eighteenth-century French mottled calf, marbled endleaves, rebacked

Provenance

This is probably the largest thirteenth-century Bible to come onto the market for over a century, in three gigantic volumes, with even its historiated initials vaster than the page size of most Bibles of the thirteenth century.  It is significantly larger even than the monumental 3-volume Marquette Bible of comparable date, last sold publicly in our rooms in 1898, and now MS. Ludwig I.8 in the J. Paul Getty Museum.

 

provenance

(1) The Celestine convent in Amiens, with their early seventeenth-century inscriptions on the first pages of all three volumes.  It is probable that the Bible was there since the Middle Ages.  The Celestines of Amiens had a very fine library, much of which passed in the later seventeenth century to the abbey of St-Vaast in Arras (and is now in the Bibliothèque Municipale there) but other manuscripts were dispersed in England, including several now in the British Library (Burney MSS. 300-1 and others), two which belonged to Lord Ashburnham (1797-1878; cf. F. Wormald and P.M. Giles, A Descriptive Catalogue… Fitzwilliam Museum, 1982, pp.42-3) and others cited in Ker’s Medieval Manuscripts in British Libraries, I, 1969, p.397, IV, 1992, p.325 (in England by 1857), and V, 202, p.7.

 

(2) Sir Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael (1859-1926) 11th baronet, of Castlecraig, Peebleshire, with his armorial bookplates; he was afterwards governor of Victoria 1908-11, Madras 1911-12 and Bengal 1912-17; his sale in our rooms, 23 March 1903, lot 58, sold for £610 to Quaritch for Lord Carysfort.

 

(3) The fifth Earl of Carysfort (1836-1909), with his armorial bookplates dated 1903, and by descent to the present owners; formerly on deposit at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.

Literature

literature

S. Panayotova and T. Webber, ‘Making an Illuminated Manuscript’, The Cambridge Illuminations, ed. S. Panayotova and P. Binski, 2005, p.23, fig.4.

Catalogue Note

text

The fashion for vast monastic Latin Bibles began in Rome in the late eleventh century and by about 1120 such huge volumes were being made for the great monasteries and cathedrals of France and England.  Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, ms. lat 10, for example, from southern France, c.1150, is 575mm. by 130mm., one of the largest known Bibles.   Around 1180, however, Bibles began to reduce in size, written in smaller and smaller script, until most were quartos by 1200 and octavos by the 1230s.  The present manuscript is a normal thirteenth-century copy in text, prologues and order of books, except in its size, in which it far exceeds any available comparison.  It was probably made for display and public reading.  Where numbers appear in the text as digits in roman numerals they have been expanded into words in the margins to simplify the task of reading aloud.   The text comprises:

 

Volume I, general prologue, “Frater ambrosius tua michi …” (fol.1r, Stegmüller, Repertorium Biblicum Medii Aevi, no.284); prologue to Genesis, “Desiderii mei …” (fol.4r, Stegmüller no.285); prologue to Joshua, “Tandem finito penthaeuchon …” (fol.4v, Stegmüller no.311); prologue to Isaiah, “Demo [sic] cum prophetas …” (fol.4v, Stegmüller no.482); prologue to Ezekiel, “Ezechiel propheta cum ioachim …” (fol.5r, Stegmüller no.492); Genesis (fol.5v); Exodus (fol.33r); Leviticus (fol.55v); Numbers (fol.70v); Deuteronomy (fol.91v); prologue to Joshua, “Tandem finito pentateuco …” (fol.109v, Stegmüller no.311 again); Joshua (fol.110r); Judges (fol.122r), ending with a stichometric note of the number of verses; Ruth (fol.135r); prologue to Kings, “Viginti duas esse …” (fol.137r, Stegmüller no.323); I Kings (fol.138r, unusually for the Middle Ages, called ‘I Samuel’ in the heading); II Kings (fol.155v, ‘II Samuel’); III Kings (fol.170r); IV Kings (fol.187v); prologue to Chronicles, “Si septuaginta …” (fol.204r, Stegmüller no.328); second prologue, “Eusebius iheronimus …” (fol.204v, Stegmüller no.327); I Chronicles (fol.205r); and II Chronicles (fol.219v), breaking off at II Chronicles 36:18, with the remaining sentences supplied on the flyleaf.

 

Volume II, prologue to Ezra, “Utrum difficilius …” (fol.1r, Stegmüller no.330); Ezra (fol.2v), with Nehemiah (fol.6v); II Ezra (fol.14r); prologue to Tobit, “Chromatio et elyodoro …” (fol.21v, Stegmüller no.332); Tobit (fol.21v); prologue to Judith, “Apud hebreos …” (fol.26v, Stegmüller no.335); Judith (fol.26v); prologue to Esther, “Librum hester …” (fol.32v, Stegmüller no.341); Esther (fol.32v); prologue to Job, “Cogor per singulos …” (fol.38v, Stegmüller no.344); second prologue, “Si aut fiscellam …” (fol.39r, Stegmüller no.357); Job 39v; no Psalms; prologue to Proverbs, “Cromatio et helyodoro …” (fol.51v, Stegmüller no.457); Proverbs (fol.51v); prologue to Ecclesiastes, “Memini me …” (fol.61v, Stegmüller no.462); Ecclesiastes (fol.61v); Song of Songs (fol.65r); prologue to Wisdom, “Liber sapiencie …” (fol.66v, Stegmüller no. 468); Wisdom (fol.67r); prologue to Ecclesiasticus, “Multorum nobis …” (fol.74r, not in Stegmüller); Ecclesiasticus (fol.74r); prologue to Isaiah, “Nemo cum prophetas …” (fol.93v, Stegmüller no.482 again); Isaiah (fol.94r); prologue to Jeremiah, “Ieremias propheta …” (fol.117v, Stegmüller no.487); Jeremiah (fol.117v), with Lamentations (fol.145v) and the prayer of Jeremiah (fol.147v); prologue to Baruch, “Liber iste …” (fol.146r, Stegmüller no.491); Baruch (fol.146r); prologue to Ezekiel, “Ezechiel propheta …” (fol.151v, Stegmüller no.492); and Ezekiel, ending on fol.175r; fol.175v blank.

 

Volume III, prologue to Daniel, “Danielem prophetam …” (fol.1r, Stegmüller no.494); Daniel (fol.1v); prologue to the Minor Prophets, “Non idem ordo …” (fol.11r, Stegmüller no.500); prologue to Hosea, “Temporibus ozie …” (fol.11v, Stegmüller no.507); Hosea (fol.11v); prologue to Joel, “Sanctus ioel …” (fol.15r, Stegmüller no.511); second prologue, “Ioel filius …” (fol.15r, Stegmüller no.510); Joel (fol.15v); prologue to Amos, “Ozias rex …” (fol.16v, Stegmüller no.515); second prologue, “Amos propheta …” (fol.17r, Stegmüller no.512); third prologue, “Hic amos …” (fol.17r, Stegmüller no.513); Amos (fol.17r); prologue to Obadiah, “Iacob patriarcha …” (fol.20r, Stegmüller no.519); Obadiah (fol.20r); prologue to Jonah, “Sanctum ionam …” (fol.20v, Stegmüller no.524); second prologue, “Iona columba …” (fol. 21r, Stegmüller no.521); Jonah (fol.21r); prologue to Micah, “Temporibus ioathe …” (fol.22r, Stegmüller no.526); Micah (fol.22r); prologue to Nahum, “Naum prophetam …” (fol.24r, Stegmüller no.528); Nahum (fol.24r); prologue to Habakkuk, “Quatuor prophete …” (fol.25r, Stegmüller no.531); Habakkuk (fol.26r); prologue to Zephaniah, “Tradunt hebrei …” (fol.27r, Stegmüller no.534); Zephaniah (fol.27r); prologue to Haggai, “Ieremias propheta …” (fol.28r, Stegmüller no.538); Haggai (fol.28v); prologue to Zechariah, “Anno secundo …” (fol.29v, Stegmüller no.539); Zechariah (fol.29v); prologue to Malachi, “Deus per moysen …” (fol.33v, Stegmüller no.543); Malachi (fol.34r); prologue to Maccabees, “Domino excellentissimo …” (fol.35r, Stegmüller no.547); second prologue, “Reverentissimo …” (fol.35v, Stegmüller no.553); third prologue, “Machabeorum libri …” (fol.35v, Stegmüller no.551); I Maccabees (fol.36r); II Maccabees (fol.52r); prologue to Matthew, “Matheus ex iudea …” (fol.62v, Stegmüller no.590); second prologue, “Matheus cum primo …” (fol.63r, Stegmüller no.589); Matthew (fol.63r); prologue to Mark, “Marcus evangelista …” (fol.78v, Stegmüller no.607); Mark (fol.79r); ‘prologue’ to Luke, “Quoniam quidem …” (fol.88r, actually the opening of Luke itself); second prologue, “Lucas syrus …” (fol.88r, Stegmüller no.620); Luke (fol.88v); prologue to John, “Hic est iohannes …” (fol.105r, Stegmüller no.624); John (fol.105r); prologue to Romans, “Romani sunt …” (fol.117r, Stegmüller no.677); Romans (fol.117r); prologue to I Corinthians, “Corinthii sunt …” (fol.123v, Stegmüller no.685); I Corinthians (123v); prologue to II Corinthians, “Post actam …” (fol.129v, Stegmüller no.700); II Corinthians (fol.129v); prologue to Galatians, “Galathe sunt …” (fol.133v, Stegmüller no.707); Galatians (fol.133v); prologue to Ephesians, “Ephesi sunt …” (fol.135v, Stegmüller no.715); Ephesians (fol.135v); prologue to Philippians, “Phylippenses sunt …” (fol.137v, 728); Philippians (fol.137v); prologue to Colossians, “Colosenses et hi …” (fol.139r, Stegmüller no.736); Colossians (fol.139r); prologue to I Thessalonians, “Thessalonicenses sunt …” (fol.140v, Stegmüller no.748); I Thessalonians (fol.140v); prologue to II Thessalonians, “Ad thessalonicenses …” (fol.141v, Stegmüller no.752); II Thessalonians (fol.142r); prologue to I Timothy, “Tymotheum instruit …” (fol.142v, Stegmüller no.765); I Timothy (fol.142v); prologue to II Timothy, “Item timotheo …” (fol.144r, Stegmüller no.772); II Timothy (fol.144r); prologue to Titus, “Tytum commonefacit…” (fol.145r, Stegmüller no.780); Titus (fol.145v); prologue to Philemon, “Philemoni …” (fol.146r, Stegmüller no.783); Philemon (fol.146r); prologue to Hebrews, “In primis …” (fol.146v, Stegmüller no.794); Hebrews (fol.146v); prologue to Acts, “Lucas antiochensis …” (fol.150v, Stegmüller no.640); Acts (fol.151r); prologue to the canonical epistles, “Non ita est ordo …” (fol.166v, Stegmüller no.809); James (fol.167r); I Peter (fol.168v); II Peter (fol.170r); I John (fol.171r); II John (fol.172v); III John (fol.172v); Jude (fol.173r), prologue to Revelations, “Omnes qui pie …” (fol.173r, Stegmüller no.839); Revelations (fol.174r), ending on fol.180v; and, as later additions on fols.181r-182r, further prologues to Romans, Stegmüller nos.651, 670 and 674, all ending on fol.182r; fol.182v blank.

 

 

illumination

Despite the strong temptation to localise the manuscript in Picardy, perhaps even in Amiens where it was later, it seems almost inconceivable that a Bible on this scale and complexity could have been produced anywhere but in a major centre of manuscript illumination.  There are three if not four hands in the miniatures.  The Genesis initial is by an artist whose hand does not appear elsewhere in the book, with pale faces and delicate almost feminine features, almost too refined for the scale of the book.  This may be a very early work of the marvellous illuminator of the Martyrology of St-Germain-des-Prés (BnF. ms. lat.12834), which Branner assigns to the ‘Royal Psalter’ group of the Sainte-Chapelle workshops, and which Avril places among the manuscripts from which Honoré emerged (R. Branner, Manuscript Painting Paris during in the Reign of Saint Louis, 1977, p.239, and F. Avril, L’Art au temps des rois maudits, 1998, pp.272-3, no.180).  The principal artist of the manuscript, who executed most of Volume I and isolated miniatures throughout Volume II and III, is probably the main painter of the workshop named the ‘Leber Group’ by Branner, one of the groups of illuminators towards the end of the period of the great Bible Moralisée manuscripts (Branner, pp.61 and 208-9).  He also worked on another multi-volume Bible of considerable scale, 410mm. by 290mm., now BnF. mss. lat.11539-42. He illuminated volume I of the present, except for the Genesis initial, and then the miniatures numbered 30-32, 37, 48, 59 and 70-78 in the list below.  The third style is the least obviously Parisian.  These miniatures have highly coloured faces with red cheeks and very vibrant expressions and wild movements.  There may be one painter or two very similar, perhaps divided as (a) nos.16-29, 54-55 and 60-62, and (b) nos. 33-36, 38-47, 49-53, 56-57 and 63-69.  This style is the closest to the Bible Moralisée manuscripts, and places the manuscript firmly in the mid-century, perhaps even slightly before rather than after 1250.

 

An unexpected feature of a book on this scale is the appearance of a marginal drawing for the miniature for Leviticus, sketched in plummet at the foot of fol.56r on Vol.I, indicating the subject planned for the initial on the facing page.   The iconography, in fact, is unusual and suggests a very careful commission.  Our catalogue in 1903 comments: “It is also interesting to note that the series of pictures in this manuscript differs very considerably from the cycle usually selected to illustrate Bibles of this period, and especially is this case in the Pauline Epistles, where, instead of the repetition of the one subject over and over again, we have a set of entirely different incidents in the great Apostle’s career.   Very remarkable, too, are the large initials, measuring from about two or three inches square.   They form an almost complete alphabet of great decorative beauty, with wonderful life and spirit infused into every line and curve of the design.  The older Celtic ideas are also used and worked into beautiful interlaced work of straps and bands, plaited together in complicated knots, and frequently terminating in strange forms of serpents, dragons, and other grotesque monsters, some of these latter playing on three- or five-stringed violins, bagpipes, and other musical instruments.”    The iconography of the scenes from the life of Saint Paul is certainly very unusual.  They are part of the ‘apostolic cycle’ of pictures, derived from Carolingian models, as defined by L. Eleen, The Illustrations of the Pauline Epistles in French and English Bibles of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, 1982, pp.104-117, listing about half a dozen manuscripts with similar selections of images, p.116.

 

The miniatures are:

 

1. Volume 1, Folio 1r, Saint Jerome writing, 90mm. by 80mm., marginal extension to 298mm. high, the saint writing a scroll at a sloping desk, in an architectural setting.

 

2. Volume 1, Folio 5, the Seven Days of Creation, 50mm. by 465mm., the full height of the page, with lozenge-shaped compartments showing (i) God holding an orb divided like a T-O map, (ii) God dividing the land from the sea, (iii) God creating plants, (iv) God placing the stars in the sky, (v) God creating birds and animals, (vi) God creating Eve from Adam’s side, (vii) God blessing creation on the seventh day, and (viii) the Crucifixion, with the Virgin and St.John at the sides.

 

3. Volume 1, folio 33r, Moses and Aaron standing before Pharoah, 83mm. by 83mm., marginal extension to 230mm. high, the king seated, he and Moses with rods and banderoles.

 

4. Volume 1, folio 55v, God appearing to Moses and Aaron, 77mm. by 72mm., marginal extension to 120mm. high, the patriarchs emerging from a city gate, God pointing to a lamb.

 

5. Volume 1, folio 70v, God appearing to Moses and Joshua, 76mm. by 80mm., marginal extension to 206mm. high.

 

6. Volume 1, folio 91v, Moses addressing the Israelites, 80mm. by 82mm., marginal extension to 220mm., Moses standing with a scroll beneath a tree, at least nine figures ranged on the right.

 

7. Volume 1, folio 110r, The Israelites carrying the Ark of the Covenant across the Jordan, 80mm. by 79mm., the bearers wearing Jewish hats.

 

8. Volume 1, folio 122r, The Siege of Jericho, 88mm. by 86mm., marginal extension to 245mm. high, soldiers in chain mail attacking the city with lances, a crossbow, a pick and a ladder, the defenders throwing stones and wielding an axe.

 

9. Volume 1, folio 135r, Elimelech with Naomi and her two sons travelling to Moab, 30mm. by 160mm., marginal extension to 233mm., a man in a Jewish hat above with staff and satchel, a woman below leading two children.

 

10. Volume 1, folio 138r, God appearing to Elkanah in bed, 90mm. by 84mm., marginal extension to 244mm. high, in an architectural setting.

 

11. Volume 1, folio 155v, The beheading of the Amalekite, 87mm. by 83mm., marginal extension to 177mm. high, David enthroned directing the execution, Benaiah in chained mail raising his sword.

 

12. Volume 1, folio 170r, Two attendants bringing Abishag to David in bed, 80mm. by 77mm.

 

13. Volume 1, folio 187v, King Ahaziah falling from a tower, 77mm. by 80mm., marginal extension to173mm. high, watched by a man with a book.

 

14. Volume 1, folio 205r, The angel expelling Adam from Paradise, 80mm. by 80mm., marginal extension to 209mm. high, the angel with a sword, Adam holding a figleaf.

 

15. Volume 1, folio 219v, God appearing to Solomon in bed, 85mm. by 78mm.

 

16. Volume II, folio 1v, Cyrus directing the building of Jerusalem, 32mm. by 138mm., marginal extension to 210mm. high, a man carrying stone up a ladder, another hammering.

 

17. Volume II, folio 14r, A Jew standing outside the Temple, 79mm. by 77mm., measuring it with a rod.

 

18. Volume II, folio 21v, Tobit and the sparrow, 70mm. by 66mm., Tobit blind in bed, a curtain tied back, a bird flying away.

 

19. Volume II, folio 26v, Judith cutting off the head of Holofernes, 64mm. by 70mm., marginal extension to 195mm. high, the king in bed with a curtain tied back.

 

20. Volume II, folio 32v, The hanging of Haman, 22mm. by 140mm., marginal extension to 233mm. high, Haman on the gallows at the top, King Ahasuerus below passing a staff down to Esther.

 

21. Volume II, folio 39v, Job on the dungheap, 64mm. by 67mm., marginal extension to 107mm. high, Job lying with his hand on his face, his wife standing beside him reasoning with him.

 

22. Volume II, folio 51v, King Solomon teaching Rehoboam, 64mm. by 67mm., marginal extension to 210mm. high, the king seated with a birch, a half-naked boy holding a book, in an architectural setting.

 

23. Volume II, folio 61v, King Solomon and a Jew, 63mm. by 65mm., marginal extension to 95mm., the king standing with his hands raised, the man wearing a Jewish hat.

 

24. Volume II, folio 65r, The Virgin and Child, 65mm. by 65mm., the Virgin seated with the Child on her lap holding a golden ball and a white bird.

 

25. Volume II, folio 67r, King Solomon instructing a soldier, 64mm. by 65mm., marginal extension to 125mm., the king seated, the soldier in chain mail standing with sword unsheathed.

 

26. Volume II, folio 74r, King Solomon instructing a woman, perhaps the Queen of Sheba, 65mm. by 63mm.

 

27. Volume II, folio 94r, The martyrdom of Isaiah, 84mm. by 70mm., marginal extension to 115mm., the prophet kneeling, two grimacing men sawing his head in two, God’s hand appearing in the sky.

 

28. Volume II, folio 117v, The martyrdom of Jeremiah, 68mm. by 72mm., marginal extension to 107mm., two men holding stones in the folds of their robes and throwing stones at the kneeling prophet, in an architectural setting.

 

29. Volume II, folio 145v, Jeremiah bewailing Jerusalem, 69mm. by 70mm., marginal extension to 247mm. high, the walls of the city tumbling down as he watches.

 

30. Volume II, folio 148r, Baruch writing, 67mm. by 72mm., seated with a scroll at a desk, in an architectural setting.

 

31. Volume II, folio 151v, The Vision of Ezekiel, 70mm. by 67mm., the prophet asleep in bed pointing to Christ in a mandorla with the symbols of the Evangelists and to a 6-winged angel with a wheel.

 

32. Volume III, folio 1r, Nebuchadnezzar and his image, 65mm. by 66mm., marginal extension to 85mm. high, the king enthroned pointing to a naked statue of a king as Daniel stands with a banderole above the fiery furnace.

 

33. Volume III, folio 2v, Daniel in the lions’ den, 69mm. by 70mm., marginal extension to 195mm. high, the prophet patting the heads of the lions.

 

34. Volume III, folio 11v, Hosea seated, 68mm. by 68mm., marginal extension to 124mm. high, holding a scroll and preaching.

 

35. Volume III, folio 15v, Joel preaching, 67mm. by 65mm., marginal extension with a bird to 97mm. high, the prophet standing, three seated listeners, the Holy Dove above.

 

36. Volume III, folio 17r, Amos the shepherd, 69mm. by 69mm., marginal extension to 97mm. high, the prophet seated on a rock below a tree with three sheep, God above.

 

37. Volume III, folio 20r, Obadiah, 69mm. by 69mm., marginal extension to 100mm. high, the prophet dressed in skins kneeling below a tree beside a river.

 

38. Volume III, folio 21r, Jonah and the whale, 68mm. by 70mm., Jonah emerging from the fish in the lower compartment, Nineveh above.

 

39. Volume III, folio 22r, Micah, with a scroll, 60mm. by 63mm., marginal extension with a crowing cock to 90mm. high.

 

40. Volume III, folio 24r, Nahum prophesying the fall of the city, 68mm. by 72mm., a king seated, the prophet pointing to a tumbling city.

 

41. Volume III, folio 26r, Habakkuk with jug and loaves, 66mm. by 68mm., the prophet kneeling between two trees, five loaves held in the fold of his apron, an angel above (illustrating the tale of Bel and the Dragon).

 

42. Volume III, folio 27r, God appearing to Zephaniah, 70mm. by 72mm., marginal extension to 110mm.

 

43. Volume III, folio 28v, Haggai in the Temple, 19mm. by 150mm., marginal extension to 230mm. high, with a dragon below.

 

44. Volume III, folio 29v, Zechariah and the angel, 25mm. by 160mm., marginal extension to 237mm. high, the prophet with a scroll looking up at an angel who parts the branches from behind a tree.

 

45. Volume III, folio 34r, Malachi receiving a lamb from two Jews, 70mm. by 68mm.

 

46. Volume III, folio 35r, A king receiving a letter from  a kneeling attendant, 56mm. by 52mm., marginal extension including a face to 73mm. high, the letter resembling a charter with a green seal.

 

47. Volume III, folio 36r, The beheading of the idolatrous Jew, 71mm. by 68mm., the victim holding an animal’s head on a plate above an altar.

 

48. Volume III, folio 52r, An elder sending out a young man on a journey, 78mm. by 70mm., marginal extension to 222mm. high.

 

49. Volume III, folio 62v, St.Matthew writing, 54mm. by 50mm., marginal extension to 97mm. high.

 

50. Volume III, folio 63r, A Jesse Tree, 70mm. by 210mm., marginal extension to 275mm. high, Jesse in bed with his bed curtains parted, six kings, four elders, the Virgin and Christ in the branches above.

 

51. Volume III, folio 79r, St.Mark writing, and the Baptism of Christ, 23mm. by 167mm., marginal extension to 233mm. high, Mark above writing in a book in an architectural setting, the Baptism below with an angel holding Christ’s robe, and a winged lion at the foot.

 

52. Volume III, folio 88r, An angel appearing to Zacharias as he swings a censer over an altar, 42m. by 46mm., marginal extension to 180mm. high.

 

53. Volume III, folio 88v, St.Luke writing, 70mm. by 68mm., marginal extension to 225mm., seated at a desk, his ox before him, in an architectural setting.

 

54. Volume III, folio 105r, A nimbed eagle, 56mm. by 50mm.,  marginal extension to 176mm. high, holding a scroll “Iohannes”.

 

55. Volume III, folio 105r, St.John writing and preaching, 22mm. by 155mm., marginal extension to 220mm. high, at the top John writing, below John standing holding his Gospel open with his feet on the shoulders of a hunched-up bearded man (perhaps an allusion to the twelfth-century saying that the evangelists saw further than the prophets because they stood on the shoulders of giants).

 

56. Volume III, folio 117r, St.Paul showing a cross to a Jew, 64mm. y 58mm., marginal extension to 170mm. high, the two figures seated side by side in an architectural setting.

 

57. Volume III, folio 123v, St.Paul preaching to two Jews, 65mm. by 65mm., marginal extension to 170mm. high.

 

58. Volume III, folio 129v, St.Paul in conversation with a bishop, 60mm. by 65mm., marginal extension to 143mm. high.

 

59. Volume III, folio 133v, The king of the Galatians receiving a letter from a kneeling man, 70mm. by 61mm., marginal extension to 190mm. high, in an architectural setting.

 

60. Volume III, folio 135v, St.Paul giving a scroll to the Ephesians, 68mm. by 62mm., marginal extension to 190mm. high.

 

61. Volume III, folio 137v, The stoning of St.Stephen, 72mm. by 64mm., marginal extension to 168mm. high, Saul, not yet converted, giving directions from the lower left as two men throw stones and the hand of God appears in the sky.

 

62. Volume III, folio 139r, The conversion of St.Paul, 70mm. by 65mm., marginal extension to 205mm., Paul falling forward from a piebald horse as his companion rides on apparently without noticing.

 

63. Volume III, folio 140v, St.Paul in bed, receiving his first communion from Ananias, 69mm. by 63mm., marginal extension to 130mm., in an architectural setting.

 

64. Volume III, folio 142r, St.Paul setting sail, 73mm. by 63mm., marginal extension to 225mm., the apostle in a sailing ship with Barnabas and a helmsman.

 

65. Volume III, folio 142v, St.Paul preaching, 71mm. by 61mm., marginal extension to 178mm. high, the saint standing with two men listening.

 

66. Volume III, folio 144r, St.Paul preaching to a bishop, 70mm. by 63mm., marginal extension to 326mm. high.

 

67. Volume III, folio 145v, St.Paul and Titus holding a scroll over the walls of a city, 69mm. by 63mm., marginal extension to 192mm. high.

 

68. Volume III, folio 146r, The beheading of St.Paul, 62mm. by 63mm., marginal extension to 150mm. high.

 

69. Volume III, folio 146v, The Crucifixion, 67mm. by 63mm., marginal extension to 120mm. high, the Virgin and St.John at the sides.

 

70. Volume III, folio 151r, The Ascension, 69mm. by 64mm., marginal extension to 220mm., Christ’s feet disappearing as the Virgin and apostles wait below.

 

71. Volume III, folio 167r, The martyrdom of St.James, 25mm. by 140mm., marginal extension to 203mm. high, a seated king directing a soldier to behead the kneeling saint.

 

72. Volume III, folio 168v, St.Peter preaching to two men, 70mm. by 61mm., marginal extension to 190mm. high.

 

73. Volume III, folio 170r, The Crucifixion of St.Peter upsidedown, 70mm. by 65mm., marginal extension to 117mm. high.

 

74. Volume III, folio 171r, Two men placing St.John in a barrel of boiling oil, 63mm. by 64mm., marginal extension to 153mm. high.

 

75. Volume III, folio 172v, St.John preaching to a woman, 67mm. by 65mm., marginal extension to 118mm. high.

 

76. Volume III, folio 172v, St.John preaching to a man, 65mm. by 63mm., marginal extension to 119mm.

 

77. Volume III, folio 173r, St.John writing, 49mm. by 50mm., seated at a desk.

 

78. Volume III, folio 174r, St.John seeing the Apocalypse, 72mm. by 62mm., marginal extension to 155mm. high, the seer standing and watching Christ seated on a rainbow above an altar with seven candlesticks, two swords pointing to his mouth, an angel above.