Cornelis de Heem

Probably Mr J. Kneppelhout (1814–1885), Hemelsche Berg, Oosterbeek;
Probably by descent to the grandparents of the present owner in the 1920s;
Thence by descent.

The following condition report is provided by Sarah Walden who is an external specialist and not an employee of Sotheby's: This painting has a comparatively recent relining and stretcher, perhaps from early in the last century. It is possible to see the original scalloping of the canvas and the narrow original stretcher bar lines. Overall the painting is in exceptionally good condition. Under ultra violet light the surface is opaque with old varnish, but there are a few evident darkened old retouchings in the sky, one or two minor brief semi horizontal streaks of old damage or retouching in the background on the left, and a narrow border of old retouching along the base edge. The left edge also has old discoloured strip of varnish and/or retouching with some slight rubbing in the two top corners. The grey step behind the signature is faintly thin without affecting the signature itself apparently. Much magnificent detail is evident beneath the old varnish, with splendid characteristic descriptions of the celery, the deliciously painted grapes,( in fact the darker almost hidden grapes behind may be faintly thinner). The minute, perfectly intact ants retain all their minuscule legs beside the snails in the foreground, although above other ants have been less fortunate while invading the melon. The extraordinary expertise visible throughout has been remarkably well preserved however. This report was not done under laboratory conditions.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
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The welcome discovery of this beautifully preserved and detailed canvas provides a significant addition to a small group of exceptionally high-quality early works painted by Cornelis de Heem in the mid- to late-1650s. These works were all painted in Antwerp, where the very young Cornelis had moved from Leiden with his family. His father, who was also his teacher, was Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606–1683/4), perhaps the greatest and certainly the most influential of all Dutch seventeenth-century still-life painters. At this early date, while he was still in his twenties, Cornelis worked and studied in his father's studio. This crucial and formative phase of his career lasted until 1660/61, when Cornelis was admitted to the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp as a painter in his own right.

Given the nature of his tutelage, it is no surprise that Cornelis de Heem's youthful work was closely modelled on that of his father, and the present painting is no exception. What is less expected is that on occasions such as this he could come close to matching the quality of his father's work. Many elements in the present design, such as the celery, artichoke and melon, have been freely adopted from a larger Still-life of fruit and flowers in a landscape, of 1655, painted by Jan Davidsz. de Heem and today in the Hermitage, Saint Petersburg (fig. 1).¹ Cornelis did not simply copy his father's work, but freely wove elements from his paintings into his own designs. Another very good signed and dated example from that same year, 1655, is the large Banqueting piece formerly in the collections of the Earls of Shrewsbury and last recorded with John Mitchell and Sons, London, in 1997.² Here again the young Cornelis skilfully blends many of his father's favoured motifs into an elegant design of his own.

On the basis of photographs Dr. Fred G. Meijer has suggested a slightly later date for the present canvas to around 1657. He notes that a comparable arrangement of fruit and vegetables is used again by Cornelis in a signed and dated copper of 1658 today in the Städel Museum in Frankfurt-am-Main (fig. 2).³ While the Frankfurt picture differs in its garden setting, the use of the rocky grotto found in the present work recurs in another related Still life with fruits and a wan-li porcelain bowl sold New York, Christie's, 15 April 2008, lot 340, which Meijer again dates to around 1658. This particular landscape device was most likely derived from similar features in the background of Jan Davidsz. de Heem's painting in Saint Petersburg, or his earlier Fruit piece of horizontal format from 1653, today in the Staatsgalerie in Schleissheim.

Once Cornelis had begun his independent career, it is no surprise that the direct influence of Jan Davidsz. de Heem lessened. He did not paint large-scale still lifes again, perhaps for simple reasons of economy, and his handling also slowly diverged from that of his father. The elaborate glazing of his early works gave way to a more draughtsman-like approach and harder colouring. In 1667 Cornelis followed his father briefly to Utrecht and by 1676 had moved to The Hague where he belonged to the Confrerie Pictura until 1687. In or around 1690 he returned again to Antwerp, where he died.

1. Oil on canvas, 95 x 124.5 cm.; see S. Segal, Jan Davidsz. de Heem und sein Kreis, exh. cat., Braunschweig 1991, pp. 152-53, cat. no. 17, reproduced.
2. Reproduced and discussed in F.G. Meijer, The Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Catalogue of the collection of Paintings: the Collection of Dutch and Flemish Still-Life Paintings bequeathed by Daisy Linda Ward, Zwolle 2003, pp. 212–13, fig. 34.1.
3. Oil on copper, 69.8 x 87.1 cm.; see J. Sander and B. Brinkmann, Niederländische Gemälde vor 1800 im Städel, Frankfurt-am-Main 1995, p. 34, reproduced fig. 40.