Three firmans and a travel book relating to Mecca and Medina, with tughras of Mahmud II (r.1808-39), Abdulmecid (r.1839-61) and Abdulhamid II (r.1876-1909), Turkey, 19th century

the firmans 8 to 11 lines to the page, written in diwani script in black, red and green ink, each surmounted by a tughra: Abdulhamid II, Abdulmecid and Mahmud II, the manuscript 20 leaves, varying amounts of lines and sums, end doublures with nautical drawings, soft leather binding, with flap

In reasonably good overall condition, the firmans with some light stains, folds and one with three small tears across folds, manuscript leaves slightly loose in binding, some waterstaining, as viewed.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

The present three firmans each relate to the pious endowments for Mecca and Medina from Kutahya in Turkey, and the promotion of the relevant caretakers there.